Question

(3) How are the following conversions carried out? (a) Acetic anhydride into ethyl ethanoate (b) Phenylethene into benzoic acid (o) Benzoic acid into meta-nitrobenzoic acid (d) Propanal into butan-2-0l​

Answer 1

Answer:

(d)propanal into butan-2-0l

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Answer 2

The following conversions can be carried out as follows:

(a) Acetic anhydride [(CH₃CO)₂O] to ethyl ethanoate [CH₃COOCH₂CH₃]

• Ethyl ethanoate is a type of ester.
• When acetic anhydride is made to react with ethanol, ethyl ethanoate is obtained along with ethanoic acid.

           (CH₃CO)₂O + CH₃CH₂OH ⇒ CH₃COOCH₂CH₃ + CH₃COOH

(b)  Phenylethene(ArCHCH₂) into benzoic acid (ArCOOH)

• Phenylethene, also known as styrene is first treated with KmNO₄ and KOH which gives us potassium benzoate, which on further treatment with a mild acid will give us benzoic acid.

       ArCHCH₂ + KmNO₄+KOH ⇒ ArCOOK +H₃O⁺ ⇒ ArCOOH

(c) Benzoic acid(ArCOOH) into meta-nitrobenzoic acid (NO₂-ArCOOH)

• Benzoic acid when treated with concentrated HNO₃ and concentrated H₂SO₄ yields meta-nitrobenzoic acid.

          ArCOOH +  HNO₃(conc.) + H₂SO₄(conc.) ⇒ NO₂-ArCOOH

(d)  Propanal(CH₃CH₂CHO) into Butan-2-ol​ (CH₃CH₂CHOHCH₃)

• Propanal when reacted with methyl magnesium bromide in the presence of mild acid yields butan-2-ol​.

        CH₃CH₂CHO + CH₃MgBr + H₃O⁺ ⇒ CH₃CH₂CHOHCH₃