3. Identify two ways by which loss of life and damage to property could have been
minimized in the 2005 Great Pakistan Earthquake.
Answers
An EERI reconnaissance team comprising Saif Hussain, Coffman Engineers, Inc., Encino, California; Ahmed Nisar, MMI Engineering, Oakland, California; Bijan Khazai, Columbia University, Earth Institute; and Grant Dellow, Institute of Nuclear and Geological Sciences, New Zealand, visited Pakistan November 13-20, 2005. During the visit, the team was hosted by the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) University of Engineering and Technology (UET) and spent four days in the earthquake-affected areas of northern Pakistan. NWFP UET staff included Dr. Qaisar Ali, yed M. Ali, and Mr. Mansoor Khan. The trip included a helicopter survey of the area courtesy of the Pakistan Army. The team also attended a two-day international conference on the earthquake organized by the NWFP UET in Islamabad and met with the Prime Minister of Pakistan at the PM House.
Answer: Even while we cannot stop natural earthquakes from happening, we can greatly reduce their consequences by recognising risks, erecting safer structures, and disseminating information on earthquake safety. We can lessen the risk of earthquakes caused by humans by being prepared for natural quakes.
Explanation:
Following the earthquake on October 8, 2005, which claimed 1,400 deaths in Indian-administrated Kashmir and almost 75,000 lives in Pakistan, The Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority was established by the Pakistani government.
But the loss could have been reduced in such circumstances which occurs due to natural disasters.
1. Construction in such areas: The coordination between authorities and local tribal zones near such seismic areas is necessary. Construction and development in such areas can cause havoc to residents living there. Surface geomorphology play a distinct role here. The majority of the structures in the impacted region have non-engineered unreinforced masonry (URM) walls. The usual building has reinforced concrete floors and one or two storeys of unreinforced stone, solid brick, or solid concrete block masonry-bearing walls. There are flat or pitched roof buildings.
2.Reaction and Restoration: A total of 3.5 million individuals were either directly or indirectly impacted by the earthquake, making it extremely difficult to administer relief and reconstruction activities. The human cost also includes acute starvation, amputees, orphans, unclean conditions that cause disease, and astonishing numbers of deaths. A large number of relief organisations made scattered, disorganised efforts in the early stages of the crisis response. There was minimal oversight and little knowledge of who was doing what. The Federal Relief Commission (FRC) and the ERRA (Earthquake Relief and Rehabilitation Authority) were later established by the government as a coordinating framework to coordinate actions with other international organisations and NGOs.
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