3. Mention the required material and chemicals for the experiment of Scattering of
light. Write the experimental procedure.
Answers
Answer:
Atoms or molecules which are exposed to light absorb light energy and re-emit light in different directions with different intensity. This phenomenon is an example of scattering, a general physical process where quanta of some form, such as light, sound, or moving particles, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass. In conventional use, this also includes deviation of reflected radiation from the angle predicted by the law of reflection. Reflections of radiation that undergoes scattering are often called diffuse reflections and unscattered reflections are called specular (mirror-like) reflections.
Scattering may also refer to particle-particle collisions between molecules, atoms, electrons, photons and other particles. Examples include: cosmic ray scattering in the Earth's upper atmosphere; particle collisions inside particle accelerators; electron scattering by gas atoms in fluorescent lamps; and neutron scattering inside nuclear reactors.
The types of non-uniformities which can cause scattering, sometimes known as scatterers or scattering centers, are too numerous to list, but a small sample includes particles, bubbles, droplets, density fluctuations in fluids, crystallites in polycrystalline solids, defects in monocrystalline solids, surface roughness, cells in organisms, and textile fibers in clothing. The effects of such features on the path of almost any type of propagating wave or moving particle can be described in the framework of scattering theory.
Some areas where scattering and scattering theory are significant include radar sensing, medical ultrasound, semiconductor wafer inspection, polymerization process monitoring, acoustic tiling, free-space communications and computer-generated imagery. Particle-particle scattering theory is important in areas such as particle physics, atomic, molecular, and optical physics, nuclear physics and astrophysics. In Particle Physics the quantum interaction and scattering of fundamental particles is described by the Scattering Matrix or S-Matrix, introduced and developed by John Archibald Wheeler and Werner Heisenberg.[1]
Answer:
1.Fill the glass with clear water and place a white sheet of paper behind the glass.
2.Shine with laser pointer through the water . Depending on how many small air bubbles you have. in the water you might see a dim red line where the laser beam goes through water .The brightspot on the paper is actually just red, the white spot in our picture is caused by overexposure.
Add a small amount of milk and stirr untill it is mixed. If you hold the laser so that the beam passes right below the surface you should be able to see where the beam goes.
We had 600 cc water (little more than 1/2 Gallon), and added 1 cc of vitamin D milk (see picture b)). You will probably have less water, so be very carefull and start by adding only a few drops! If you add too much milk you will not see the dim spot (see arrow in picture b)) on the screen anymore.
Add more milk and see how the light pattern changes. In pictures c) to f) you can see how the light beam eventually becomes a glowing ball. (In the last picture the level is so low because I ran out of milk.
