3. State two important causes for the rise of Jainism and Buddhism.
4. Who was Vardhamana Mahavira? Give the significance of both parts of his name.
5. List any four vows prescribed for the Jains.
6. What are known as the Triratnas?
7. Give two causes for the spread of Jainism.
Name the two sects into which Jainism got divided.
9. Who was Gautam Buddha? Where was he born?
10. What are known as Four Great Sights?
11. How did Buddha attain enlightenment?
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2. Give Four Noble Truths of Buddhism.
13. Give four points of the Eightfold Path of Buddha.
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14. Give the meaning of Buddha and Tathagat.
15. Name any two principles that governed the Sangha.
16. State any two features of Buddhism that attracted people towards it.
17. Give two differences between Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism.
18 Give two causes for the decline of Buddhism.
Answers
3. There were various causes for the rise of Jainism and Buddhism: Religious factors - complex and expensive vedic rituals, Upanishads being highly philosophical in nature etc. Social factors - rigidity of caste system, domination of priestly class etc.
4. Jainism is one of India's ancient religions and Vardhamana Mahavira (599 BC – 527 BC) its greatest name. He was not its founder, but its reformer. 'Vardhamana' is an honorific title to mean 'ever flourishing', and he has several other honorific names like sanmati, and viraprabhu
5.Emerging from these three jewels and relating to right conduct are the five abstinences, which are the vows of:
Ahimsa (non-violence)
Satya (truthfulness)
Asteya (not stealing)
Aparigraha (non-acquisition)
Brahmacarya (chaste living)
6.Triratna, (Sanskrit: “Three Jewels”) Pali Ti-ratana, also called Threefold Refuge, in Buddhism the Triratna comprises the Buddha, the dharma (doctrine, or teaching), and the sangha (the monastic order, or community).
7.Following are the causes of the spread of Jainism:
Local Dialect: Mahavira used Prakrit which was the language of the common people. ...
Royal Patronage: Jainism received royal patronage on a large scale. ...
Saints: Devout saints like Kalkacharya lived in Ujjain and made it a famous centre of the Jain religion.
8.Jains are divided into two major sects; the Digambara (meaning sky clad) sect and the Svetambara (meaning white clad) sect. Each of these sects is also divided into subgroups
9.Siddhartha Gautama, the Lord Buddha, was born in 623 B.C. in the famous gardens of Lumbini, which soon became a place of pilgrimage.
10.The four things that Siddhartha saw were an old man, a sick man, a corpse and an ascetic. ... The first of the Passing Sights that he saw were an elderly man, a sick man, and a dead body. These sights introduced the sheltered prince to the notions of growing old, illness, and death.
11.Enlightenment. One day, seated beneath the Bodhi tree (the tree of awakening) Siddhartha became deeply absorbed in meditation, and reflected on his experience of life, determined to penetrate its truth. He finally achieved Enlightenment and became the Buddha
12.The Four Noble Truths comprise the essence of Buddha's teachings, though they leave much left unexplained. They are the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering
13.Right Faith.
Right Aspiration.
Right Action.
Right Speech.
Right Meditation.
14.Answer: Tathāgata (Sanskrit: [tɐˈtʰaːɡɐtɐ]) is a Pali and Sanskrit word; Gautama Buddha uses it when referring to himself in the Pāli Canon. The term is often thought to mean either "one who has thus gone" (tathā-gata) or "one who has thus come" (tathā-āgata)
15.To speak the truth.
16. One of the major attractive aspects of the Buddhist culture is non-violence. The non-interference of Buddhism in the ritualistic spheres of other religions shows their harmony with other cultures. The agenda of world peace sets out the idea of non-violence among the believers of Buddhism
17.The biggest fundamental difference between Mahayana and Hinayana Buddhism is the workship of gods and goddesses. Mahayana workships the bodhisattvas , while Hinayana Buddhist think that Buddha was the human instead of God
18.Loss of Royal Patronage: ...
Emergence of Rajput's
hope this helps !!