Question

3. Technological advances have made the spread of information far easier than
ever before, but they have also enabled child sexual abuse material to be widely
shared online.
4. Researchers face perpetual struggle to secure and sustain funding. While the
scientific workforce is increasing, the funding in most countries has been on a decline
over the past decade. The situation is particularly perilous for early career researchers
who find it hard to compete for funds with senior researchers.
5. The study made an intervention program to improve the reading comprehension
of elementary pupils of Region XI. The study would like to see the impact of
intervention program to the elementary pupils of Region XII.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Technological advances have made the spread of information far easier than ever before, but they have also enabled child sexual abuse material to be widely shared online. The US-based National Center for Missing and Exploited Children has seen a major increase how many child sexual abuse files they review, with the number reaching 25 million in 2015, compared with 450,000 in 2004.

Founded by actors Demi Moore and Ashton Kutcher in 2009, Thorn: Digital Defenders of Children is a non-governmental organisation committed to ending child sex exploitation and trafficking through innovative technological tools. By creating solutions based on deep-learning and artificial intelligence that are able to identify the most vulnerable victims of child abuse, law enforcement can focus on the most urgent cases.

Thorn’s efforts to speed up victim identification, unsettle the platforms spreading illegal content, and hamper child abusers is making a significant impact. In 2017, the organisation was instrumental in helping police identify 5,791 sex trafficking victims, with their web-based tool, Spotlight, used by more than 5,000 US law enforcement officers.

       

2 World hunger

More than 800 million people, or 11 per cent of the world’s population, are suffering from chronic hunger. After a decade-long fall in global hunger levels, the United Nations announced last year that the number of people going to bed hungry is steadily rising. Despite enough food being produced every year to feed all people on the planet and more, a small but substantial amount of this is wasted, even in developing countries.

From using agricultural devices connected to the internet of things (IoT) to gain insight into crop health in a bid to improve yield quality, to reducing the quantity of lost and damaged foodstuffs by implementing IoT monitoring devices in the entire distribution ecosystem, IoT solutions can offer data-driven insights and play a role in eliminating world hunger.

According to business information provider IHS Markit, the total number of IoT devices is forecast to reach 125 billion in 2030, up from 27 billion in 2017, creating an IoT network with unprecedented coverage levels. Sharing real-time data about urgent food requirements and wastage will make the distribution of limited food supplies as effective as possible.

       

3 Modern slavery

Modern slavery and forced labour are profound problems found to exist in more than 165 countries across both the developing and developed world. The Modern Slavery Act was introduced by the UK government in 2015 to combat this global injustice, but charity Focus on Labour Exploitation has called on companies to do far more on this issue.

Due to poor procurement practices and unaccountable supply partners, some companies have unknowingly participated in unethical supply chains and, in the process, are exacerbating issues surrounding modern slavery. Smart procurement technology greatly improves the ability of major companies to achieve a comprehensive view of often complex supply chains and root out irresponsible suppliers.

“By efficiently capturing information from suppliers and complementing it with third-party data, such as sustainability ratings from EcoVadis, organisations can better evaluate suppliers and ensure their supply chains don’t support practices such as slavery and child labour,” says Alex Saric at procurement management software company Ivalua.

Moving away from simplistic supply chain checks will damage the widespread modern slavery industry, which generates $150 billion each year, according to the International Labour Organization.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Academic financial hardship

• Funding for researchers is a constant effort to find and maintain.
• Despite an expanding scientific workforce, most nations have seen a drop in financing during the previous ten years.
• For early career researchers who struggle to compete for funding with veteran researchers, the situation is especially dangerous.
• The way science is done is also being impacted by this intense competition.
• The Vox survey's respondents said that because most grants are only given out for a few years, academics frequently choose short-term projects, which are occasionally insufficient to address challenging research topics.
• In other words, academics make decisions based on what will satisfy the sponsoring organizations and their institutions.
• The results of these decisions, however, are an increase in the number of published papers with poor quality and little scientific impact.

Study designs in published publications are subpar

• Studies with poor design are now a serious concern in academia.
• The fact that statistical errors frequently go unnoticed in published studies is one of the main causes of this issue.
• Researchers feel pressured to oversell their findings in order to get published because ground-breaking findings are the most prized.
• Additionally, they frequently alter their study designs and concentrate on specific data patterns in order to produce results that are more appealing to journals.
• There are more and more instances of "p-hacking," in which academics only publish ideas that provide statistically significant findings.
• The misuse of p-values in biomedical investigations has received particular attention.
• Thus, a considerable portion of published results are not noteworthy from a scientific standpoint, which also entails routine resource and financial waste.

Replication studies are lacking.

• One of the most significant issues with research is the inability to duplicate and reproduce discoveries.
• In a recent poll to learn more about experts' perspectives on reproducibility, Nature reported that the majority of respondents thought there was a "crisis of reproducibility.
• " Replication is also hampered by inherent issues in studies, such as insufficient data and challenging study design.
• However, the majority of the scientific community is generally dubious about conducting replication studies.
• Due to the lack of originality in replication research, the majority of journals prefer to publish unique and ground-breaking results.
• For similar reasons, researchers and funding organizations are hesitant to commit their resources to replication studies.
• Since the majority of experiment results are never verified and tested, this is a significant loss for academics.

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