3.what
is
characterized by a pattern of
persistent disregard for and
violation of the rights of others.
Answers
Answer:
In the field of psychology, “personality” refers to the set of enduring behavioral and mental traits that distinguish an individual from other people. According to the DSM-5, “personality disorder” refers to when an individual displays a personality style (i.e., patterns of cognition, behavior, and emotion) that:
differs significantly from the norms and expectations of their culture in two or more of the following areas: cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control;
causes them and/or others around them “clinically significant” distress and impairment in important areas of functioning;
is pervasive (i.e., applies across many contexts, such as school, work, and home) and enduring (i.e., has been exhibited over a long duration of time, since at least adolescence or early adulthood); and
cannot be better explained by another mental disorder or be due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or general medical condition (e.g., head trauma).
The patterns found in personality disorders develop early and are inflexible. Someone diagnosed with a personality disorder may experience difficulties in cognition, emotion, impulse control, and interpersonal functioning. That said, though personality disorders are typically associated with significant distress or disability, they are also ego-syntonic, which means that individuals do not feel as though their values, thoughts, and behaviors are out of place or unacceptable. In other words, their thoughts and behaviors are consistent with their own ideal self-image.