3.
Write a short note on "Sur Sundari" of Konark.
कोणार्क की "सुर सुंदरी" पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी लिखिए।
4.
What do you know about the famous temple of Bis
बिष्णुपुर के प्रसिद्ध मन्दिर के बारे में आप क्या जानते हैं?
5.
Write at least thirty words on "Phulkari".
"फुलकारी' पर कम से कम तीस शब्द लिखिए।
influenced the Kanth
Answers
Answer:
5.refers to the folk embroidery of the Punjab. Although Phulkari means floral work, the designs include not only flowers but also cover motifs and geometrical shapes.The main characteristics of Phulkari embroidery are use of darn stitch on the wrong side of coarse cotton cloth with coloured silken thread. Punjabi women create innumerable alluring and interesting designs and patterns by their skilful manipulation of the darn stitch. According to Kehal (2009), a cloth where only a few flowers are embroidered is called a Phulkari. The other types are distinct varieties.[1] The traditional varieties of Phulkaris are large items of cloth and include Chope, Tilpatr, Neelak and Bagh. Sometimes, the Bagh is given separate categorisation of its own as on other varieties of a Phulkari, parts of the cloth is visible, whereas in a Bagh, the embroidery covers the entire garment so that the base cloth is not visible.[2] Further, in contemporary modern designs, simple and sparsely embroidered dupattas (long scarf), odhinis (oversized long scarf), and shawls, made for everyday use, are referred to as Phulkaris, whereas clothing items that cover the entire body, made for special and ceremonial occasions such as weddings are called Baghs (large garden). The Phulkari continues to be an integral part of Punjabi weddings to the present day.The craft of Phulkari has undergone changes over the centuries. According to Pal (1960) in his seminal essay on the history and use of the Phulkari published by Patiala University, the traditional method of embroidering a Phulkari and its widespread use in Punjab, India declined by the 1950s.[3] Traditionally, women would embroider Phulkaris without using stencils. Pal (1960) states that women would clean their courtyards and invite friends and family to ceremonially begin the process of embroidering a Phulkari. Folk songs would be sung on this occasion.[3] "Ih Phulkari Meri Maan Ne Kadhi/ Is Noo Ghut Ghut Japhiyan Paawan" (This Phulkari was embroidered by my mother, I embrace it warmly). Folk songs like these are indicative of the emotional attachment the girl had to the Phulkari embroidered by her mother or grandmother, or aunts.[4]
In the past, as soon as a girl was born, mothers and grandmothers would start embroidering Baghs and Phulkaris, which were to be given away at the time of marriage. Depending on the status of the family, the parents would give dowry of 11 to 101 Baghs and Phulkaris.[4] Historically, the exquisite embroidery for Baghs are known to have been made in the districts of Hazara,[5] Peshawar,[5] Sialkot,[5] Jhelum,[5] Rawalpindi,[5] Multan,[5] Amritsar,[5] Jalandhar,[5] Ambala,[5] Ludhiana,[5] Nabha,[5] Jind,[5] Faridkot,[5] Kapurthala[5] and Chakwal of the Punjab region. Phulkari and Bagh embroidery has influenced the embroidery of Gujarat known as heer bharat in its use of geometrical motifs and stitchery.[6] Phulkaris and Baghs were worn by women all over Punjab during marriage festivals and other joyous occasions. They were embroidered by the women for their own use and use of other family members and were not for sale in the market.[1] Thus, it was purely a domestic art which not only satisfied their inner urge for creation but brought colour into day-to-day life. In a way, it was true folk art. Noting the value of traditional Phulkaris, Aryan (1983) collected the garments noting their spectacular artwork.[7] Such efforts to preserve the art of Phulkari has influenced its revival.
Explanation:
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