Question

3. Write short notes on the following
(i) Homologous series
(ii) Tetravalency of carbon
(iii) Saponification​

Answer 1

Answer:

(a) homologous series are the series of molecules that are differ by CH2 molecules like CH2 , C2H4 etc .

A homologous series is a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties . they shows same general formula like the three groups alkane, alkene, alkyne

general formula of alkane is CnH2n+2

general formula of alkene is CnH2n .

(b) Carbon have very unique properties like catenation, tetravalency etc.

tetravalency means carbon have power to form four bonds. it shares the electron with four atoms like CH4.

carbon have four electrons in its outermost shell . so, it is not easy for carbon to lose four electrons and become stable and it can't gain four electrons to others element because it is complicated for neutron to maintain 10 electrons .

so it shares four electrons and make four covalent bonds.