Question

30. Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835-1901):
Born in an impoverished samurai family, he studied in Nagasaki and Osaka learning Dutch and Western
sciences and, later, English. In 1860, he went as a translator for the first Japanese embassy to the USA.
This provided material for a book on the West, written not in the classical but in the spoken style that
became extremely popular. He established a school that is today the Keio University. He was one of the
core members of the Meirokusha, a society to promote Western learning.
In the Encouragement to Learning (Gakumon no susume, 1872-76) he was very critical of Japanese
knowledge: 'All that Japan has to be proud of is its scenery. He advocated not just modem factories and
institutions but the cultural essence of the West-the spirit of civilisation. With this spirit it would be
possible to build a new citizen. His principle was: 'Heaven did not create men above men, nor set men
below me
Questions:
(1) What do you know about Fukuzawa Yukichi?
(ii) What did he advocate?
(ii) Mention the name of the book in which he was critical of Japanese knowledge.

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Answer 1

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