30. List the criteria for selection of fermenters with the type of influence they exert on the selection.
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Types of Fermenters:
i. Fluidized Bed Bioreactor:
It is more popular in chemical industry rather new to biochemical industries. These are mostly used in conjunction with immobilized cells or enzyme system and are operated continuously.
ii. Loop or Air Lift Bioreactor:
In the conventional bioreactor, oxygen is supplied by vigorous agitation of the bioreactor content. The heat is generated which is a problem in conventional type. In air lift fermenter, cooling becomes simpler due to the position of inner or outer loop.
iii. Membrane Bioreactor:
These consist of a semipermeable membrane made up of cellulose acetate or other polymeric materials. The primary purpose of the membrane is to retain the cells within the bioreactor, thus increasing their density, while at the same time allowing metabolic products to pass through the membrane.
iv. Pulsed Column Bioreactor:
The essential component of a pulsed column bioreactor is a column bioreactor generator connected to the bottom of the column. A pulsed column bioreactor can be utilized as an aerobic bioreactor, enzyme bioreactor or as a separation unit since its original successful application was in the extraction of uranium.
v. Bubble Column Bioreactor:
Multistage bubble column bioreactor are suitable in the equivalent batch process. It is necessary to vary the environmental conditions over the course of the reaction. In this bioreactor, it is possible to provide different environmental conditions in various stages. The system may not be suitable for fungal fermentation due to high oxygen demanding system.
vi. Photo Bioreactor:
For the growth and production of photosynthetic organisms, a light source is retired. In photo-bioreactor, there is an important ‘reactant’, the photons which must be absorbed in order to react and produce products. So the design of the light source is critical in the performance of this type of bioreactor.
One of the most interesting photochemical reactors is the annular reactor. In this source of radiation is a cylinder with an annular section, which encloses the lamp completely. The nutrient passing from the product is removed from the top. This is used for Spirulina (SCP) and other algal protein production.
vii. Packed Tower Bioreactor:
It consists of cylindrical column packed with inert material like wood shavings, twigs cake, polyethylene or sand. Initially, both medium and cells are fed into the top of the packed bed. Once the cells adhered to the support and were growing well as a thin film, fresh medium is added at the top of the packed bed and the fermented medium removed from the bottom of the column.
This is used for vinegar production, sewage effluent treatment and enzymatic conversion of penicillin to 6-amino penicillanic acid. The design of fermenter involves the co-operation between experts in microbiology, biochemistry, mechanical engineering and economics.
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i. Fluidized Bed Bioreactor:
It is more popular in chemical industry rather new to biochemical industries. These are mostly used in conjunction with immobilized cells or enzyme system and are operated continuously.
ii. Loop or Air Lift Bioreactor:
In the conventional bioreactor, oxygen is supplied by vigorous agitation of the bioreactor content. The heat is generated which is a problem in conventional type. In air lift fermenter, cooling becomes simpler due to the position of inner or outer loop.
iii. Membrane Bioreactor:
These consist of a semipermeable membrane made up of cellulose acetate or other polymeric materials. The primary purpose of the membrane is to retain the cells within the bioreactor, thus increasing their density, while at the same time allowing metabolic products to pass through the membrane.
iv. Pulsed Column Bioreactor:
The essential component of a pulsed column bioreactor is a column bioreactor generator connected to the bottom of the column. A pulsed column bioreactor can be utilized as an aerobic bioreactor, enzyme bioreactor or as a separation unit since its original successful application was in the extraction of uranium.
v. Bubble Column Bioreactor:
Multistage bubble column bioreactor are suitable in the equivalent batch process. It is necessary to vary the environmental conditions over the course of the reaction. In this bioreactor, it is possible to provide different environmental conditions in various stages. The system may not be suitable for fungal fermentation due to high oxygen demanding system.
vi. Photo Bioreactor:
For the growth and production of photosynthetic organisms, a light source is retired. In photo-bioreactor, there is an important ‘reactant’, the photons which must be absorbed in order to react and produce products. So the design of the light source is critical in the performance of this type of bioreactor.
One of the most interesting photochemical reactors is the annular reactor. In this source of radiation is a cylinder with an annular section, which encloses the lamp completely. The nutrient passing from the product is removed from the top. This is used for Spirulina (SCP) and other algal protein production.
vii. Packed Tower Bioreactor:
It consists of cylindrical column packed with inert material like wood shavings, twigs cake, polyethylene or sand. Initially, both medium and cells are fed into the top of the packed bed. Once the cells adhered to the support and were growing well as a thin film, fresh medium is added at the top of the packed bed and the fermented medium removed from the bottom of the column.
This is used for vinegar production, sewage effluent treatment and enzymatic conversion of penicillin to 6-amino penicillanic acid. The design of fermenter involves the co-operation between experts in microbiology, biochemistry, mechanical engineering and economics.
PLEASE MARK MY ANSWER AS A BRAINLIEST ANSWER.
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