30. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that
follows-
During the French Revolution artists used the female allegory to portray
ideas such as Liberty, Justice and the Republic. These ideals were
represented through specific objects or symbols. As you would remember,
the attributes of Liberty are the red cap, or the broken chain, while justice
is generally a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales.
Similar female allegories were invented by artists in the nineteenth
century to represent the nation. In France she was christened Marianne, a
popular Christian name, which underlined the idea of a people’s nation.
Her characteristics were drawn from those of Liberty and the Republic- the
red cap, the tricolor, the cockade. Statues of Marianne were erected in
public squares to remind the public of the national symbol of unity and to
persuade them of identify with it.
Similarly, Germania became the allegory of the German nation. In visual
representations, Germania wears a crown of oak leaves, as the German
oak stands for heroism.
30.1. Who were Marianne and Germania?
2
30.2. What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed?
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Answer:
Marianne and Germania were the female allegories of France and Germany. They stood as personifications of the 'Republic' and 'Liberty'. They were portrayed that they gave the abstract idea of a nation in a concrete form. They would establish a sense of nationality in the citizens of these countries.
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