300 words essay on cause and protection of water borne disease
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Water pollution occurs when unwanted materials, industrial waste, human waste or animal waste, garbage, sewage effluents, etc. enter into the water, changes the quality of water which makes it harmful to the environment and also to human health. Waterborne diseases are caused by drinking water or eating food washed in water which is polluted, contains protozoa that can cause infections like Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, toxoplasmosis, etc, contains viruses like Hepatitis A or E, or water may contain bacteria like E.coli, cholera or typhoid fever or water with parasites like roundworm, hookworm and ringworm. Waterborne diseases are generally caused by polluted water from contamination of human or animal waste in the water.
According to World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of diseases are water borne. Drinking water in various countries does not meet WHO standards. 3.1% of deaths occur due to the unhygienic and poor quality of water. In India, over one lakh people die of water-borne diseases annually. It is reported that groundwater in one-third of India’s 600 districts is not fit for drinking as the concentration of fluoride, iron, salinity and arsenic exceeds the tolerance levels. About 65 million people have been suffering from fluorosis, a crippling disease due to a high amount of fluoride, which is more common in Rajasthan belt. A World Resources Report says about 70 percent of India’s water supply is seriously polluted with sewage effluents. The UN reported that India’s water quality is poor – it ranks 120th among 122 nations in terms of quality of water available to its citizens.