Question

31. An often ignored or invisible aspect of immigration to the United States is international students who earn advanced degrees in American colleges and universities. According to information collected in 2006, what are the field(s) in which international students earned the highest percentages of advanced degrees?
A. education
B. psychology
C. humanities
D. engineering
 
32. Landlocked countries are very likely to be poor. One exception is _____.
A. Chad
B. Switzerland
C. Sweden
D. Ethiopia
 
33. According to Collier (2007) and one of our lectures, a country's geographic location is often an important factor in determining whether the country is rich or poor. Which of the following is such an important geographic condition for social and economic development? 
A. whether a country is landlocked
B. whether a country has bad (hostile or unstable) neighbors
C. whether a country only has poor neighbors
D. All of the above.
 
34. Whether a country or region is resource-rich or resource-poor often depends on the historical developmental stage of the world economy. Before industrialization and in the early days of colonialism, _____ was considered resource-poor.
A. North America
B. South America
C. India
D. China

35. According to Collier (2007), resource-rich countries ______.
A. are also rich countries
B. are also likely to be poor countries
C. actually fall into three categories: the rich, the not-so-rich, and the poor.
D. can never escape the resource trap.
 
36. Countries or economies caught in a resource trap undergo cycles of boom and bust. This is largely because of _____.
A. unpredictability in extracting natural resources
B. price fluctuation on the global market
C. changes in government policies
D. None of the above
 
37. Nigeria is one of those resource-rich countries that experienced the typical boom and bust in the 1980s. Which of the following was one of those "bad" policies that exacerbated the impact of the economic bust?
A. the government did not spend enough on infrastructure
B. the government did not implement economic reforms soon enough. 
C. the government did not borrow enough money from Western banks to further boost its economy.
D. the business community and the government did not invest enough
 
38. During an economic boom derived from the extraction of natural resources such as oil, what can a government do to avoid the resource trap?
A. encourage people to spend more money
B. increase public spending
C. grant tax cut to the resource extraction industry
D. save as much as possible for future (possible) bust
 
39. Resource-rich countries with democratic political systems often fall into the resource trap because _____.
A. democracy causes corruption
B. democracy tends to be more expensive to maintain than authoritarian systems
C. politicians in democracies tend to promise large public spending to win votes
D. democracy usually has less leverage over the market
 
40. Democratic systems in resource-rich countries are often undermined by the boom-and-bust cycle. According to Collier (2007), what systemic component is needed to avoid the detrimental effect of resource trap?
A. political patronage
B. market economy
C. checks and balances in the political system
D. strong military forces

Answer 1

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