32) Example of Xerophytes a) Lotus b) Mango c) Cactus d) sea weed
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The Plant, its Appearance, and Physiology
The pineapple is a perennial, monocotyledonous, xerophytic plant, up to 1.5 m high, of herbaceous, lily-like habit, but with tough, spiny-tipped leaves that are waxy on the upper surface and possess a fragile dusty bloom on the underside. The leaves in all but a few cultivars, such as the important Smooth Cayenne, also have numerous formidable barbs along the edges, which make cultivation hazardous. In all varieties the concave leaves channel any precipitation into the plant center for absorption by spongy leaf tissue and roots. Other features which enhance the shallow-rooted plant's adaption to low rainfall include leaves that do not wilt, and its crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), in which the stomata open at night to take up carbon dioxide rather than in the day, greatly reducing water loss. Malic acid is accumulated during the night and is decarboxylated during the day.
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