Question

33. Analyse the following given statements and present your views on the same.
(i) Parthenogenesis is not the same as asexual reproduction.
(ii) The male reproductive system is also called the urinogenital system.​

Answer 1

Answer:

ii) Male reproductive system is also called the urinogenital system because in male excreation of urine is done through there reproductive organs only.

i) Parthenogenesis is a type of reproduction in which fertilization is done without ovume

Explanation:

Answer 2

Explanation:

Sexual reproduction in animals and plants is far more prevalent than asexual reproduction, and there is no dearth of hypotheses attempting to explain why. Even bacteria and viruses, which reproduce by cloning, engage in promiscuous horizontal gene exchange (“parasexual reproduction”) on such short time scales that they evolve genotypic diversity even more rapidly than eukaryotes. (We confront this daily in the form of antimicrobial resistance.) The host-parasite and host-pathogen arms race purports to explain the prevalence of sexual reproduction, yet there are over a dozen other hypotheses, including the proposition that sexual reproduction purges the genome of deleterious mutations. An equally daunting challenge is to understand, in terms of evolutionary logic, the jungle of diverse courtship and mating strategies that we find in nature. The phenotypic plasticity of sex determination in animals suggests that the central nervous system and reproductive tract may not reach the same endpoint on the continuum between our stereotypic male and female extremes. Why are there only two kinds of gametes in most eukaryotes? Why are most flowering plants, and few animals, hermaphroditic? Why do male animals compete more for access to females than the other way around in most animals that have been studied?This review presents more questions than answers, but an extraordinary wealth of data has been collected, and new genetic techniques will provide new answers. The possible relevance of these data to human sexuality will be discussed in a future article.

Children learn that most plants and animals reproduce sexually and come in two sexes. They also learn that many plants and a few animals have both sexual organs in the same body (hermaphrodites) yet still reproduce with two distinct kinds of gametes, eggs and sperm. They also learn that sexual reproduction is much more common than asexual.

It is critical to distinguish between natural selection and sexual selection, whenever this is possible. The psychologist Geoffrey Miller stated: “Natural selection is about living long enough to reproduce; sexual selection is about convincing others to mate with you.” This is an excellent comparison in a nutshell, even though it leaves out male-male competition. The Table compares natural and sexual selection.