Question

33. (i) Explain capillarity with illustrations and deduce ascent formula Also discuss the rise
of liquid in a tube of insufficient length.
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Answer 1

Answer:

When a capillary tube of fine bore is dipped in water, then the water rises in the tube

If the tube is dipped in mercury, there is a depression of mercury level in the tube.

The property of rise or depression of a liquid inside the capillary tube is called capillarity.

Generally, these liquids which wet the glass rise in the tube while those which do not wet the glass gets depressed.

Let r be the radius of a capillary tube and 0 be the angle of contact

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Answer 2

Dip a capillary tube with a uniform bore vertically in a wet liquid. Because the liquid is moist, the meniscus is concave. grows, keeping the product hR finite.

What is a capillary tube?

• Capillarity refers to the phenomena of a liquid column rising or falling in a capillary tube.
• Capillarity is one of the fundamental physical properties of all fluids, and it refers to a liquid's capacity to pass through another liquid due to attraction.

In a capillary tube, the ascent of a liquid column is given by

$h=\frac{2s cos\theta }{rpg} -\frac{r}{3}$

If the capillaries are very small, then

$h=\frac{2s cos\theta }{rpg}$

The rise of liquid in a tube of insufficient length:

• The liquid does not overflow; instead, it rises in the tube as the radius of curvature of the meniscus changes.
• When the tube's length is shorter than the capillary rise's height, the liquid molecules collide with the tube's horizontal surface as they reach the top of the capillary. Surface tension shifts to the horizontal plane.
• The liquid stops rising because there is no vertical force pulling it up.

As a result, the liquid does not overflow in the insufficient-height capillary tube.

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