34) Explain the adaptation of plants to live in water.
Answers
Answer:
The most common adaptation is the presence of lightweight internal packing cells, aerenchyma, but floating leaves and finely dissected leaves are also common. Aquatic plants can only grow in water or in soil that is frequently saturated with water. They are therefore a common component of wetlands.
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Adaptation is the adjustment or change in behavior, physiology, and structure of a plant to become more suited to an environment. Hydrophytic plants have some characteristic adaptations to live in the water like morphological, anatomical, and physiological adaptations.
1) Morphological adaptations: Roots are poorly developed in these plants as they are not required for the absorption of water and minerals. Root caps are generally absent in roots and the root tip is often provided with root pockets or sheath. The entire plant can do absorption. The stems are delicate and usually green in color, sometimes modified into rhizomes or runners.
2) Anatomical adaptations: The cuticle is completely absent or may be present in some plants as a very thin layer. The vascular system is poorly developed, and the xylem is highly reduced. In some cases, the xylem is completely sent. Phloem may be ill-developed or well-developed. Increase in aeration. Reduction of support or mechanical tissues. Reduction in protecting structures is noted.
3) Physiological adaptations: There is a low osmotic concentration of cell sacs in such plants, which is equal to or slightly higher than that of the surrounding water, preventing the unnecessary entry of water. Water, nutrient absorption, and gaseous exchange are done by the complete plant body. Transpiration is absent in completely submerged hydrophobic plants.
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