38. Write the Principle involved in Hydro electric Power plant. Explain the process of generating electricity through it, also describe any three ecological problems created due to the functioning of Hydro Power Plant.
Answers
Answer: Hydropower (from Greek: ὕδωρ, "water"), also known as water power, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines. This is achieved by converting the gravitational potential or kinetic energy of a water source to produce power.[1] Hydropower is a method of sustainable energy production.
Since ancient times, hydropower from watermills has been used as a renewable energy source for irrigation and the operation of mechanical devices, such as gristmills, sawmills, textile mills, trip hammers, dock cranes, domestic lifts, and ore mills. A trompe, which produces compressed air from falling water, is sometimes used to power other machinery at a distance.[2][1]
Hydropower is now used principally for hydroelectric power generation, and is also applied as one half of an energy storage system known as pumped-storage hydroelectricity.
Hydropower is an attractive alternative to fossil fuels as it does not directly produce carbon dioxide or other atmospheric pollutants and it provides a relatively consistent source of power. Nonetheless, it has economic, sociological, and environmental downsides and requires a sufficiently energetic source of water, such as a river or elevated lake.[3] International institutions such as the World Bank view hydropower as a low-carbon means for economic development.
Explanation:
Answer:
The Principle involved in Hydro electric Power plant:
At the plant level, water flows through a pipe – also known as a penstock – and then spins the blades of a turbine, which in turn spins a generator that ultimately produces electricity. Most conventional hydroelectric power plants work this way, including run-of-river systems and pumping systems.
The process of generating electricity through Hydro electric Power:
To generate electricity, a turbine generator changes mechanical energy into electrical energy. In the case of natural gas, coal, nuclear fission, biomass, oil, geothermal and solar heat, the heat generated is used to generate steam that moves turbine blades.
Any three ecological problems created due to the functioning of Hydro Power Plant:
Changes in hydrological flow regimes, deterioration of water quality, obstruction of migration corridors, sedimentation, emission of greenhouse gases and loss of biodiversity are the environmental impacts of hydropower projects.
Dam removal, flow regulation, fish planting ,construction of migration corridors and fish-friendly turbine are alternative measures to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of hydropower projects .Therefore, various mitigation and efficiency measures must be integrated at an early stage of project planning to meet growing energy needs and ensure sustainable development.
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