Question

4.
4. Name two artificial methods of vegetative propagation from stem.​

Answer 1

Explanation:

• Cutting. In this, a portion of a plant is cut and planted in the soil, usually a stem or a leaf.
• Grafting. In this, the cutting from some other plant is added to the plant stem embedded in the soil.
• Layering. In this, the stem of the plant is bent to the ground and covered with soil.
• Tissue Culture.

Answer 2

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Answer:

Vegetative propagation is an asexual method of plant reproduction that occurs in its leaves, roots and stem. This can occur through fragmentation and regeneration of specific vegetative parts of plants.

Artificial method of vegetative propagation:

Artificial method of vegetative propagation is carried out by humans in the fields and laboratories. Artificially occurring forms of vegetative reproduction involve:

Cutting

In this, a portion of a plant is cut and planted in the soil, usually a stem or a leaf. These cuttings are sometimes treated with hormones in order to induce root growth. The new plant originates from the adventitious roots that grow from the cutting process.

Grafting

In this, the cutting from some other plant is added to the plant stem embedded in the soil. The graft tissues become incorporated with the rooted plant tissues and grow over time as a single plant.

Layering

In this, the stem of the plant is bent to the ground and covered with soil. Adventitious roots emerge from the plant parts covered with the soil. This attached stem with developing roots is known as a layer.

Tissue Culture

For this, to grow a new plant, the plant cells from various parts of a plant are cultivated in a laboratory. This technique is useful in growing the number of rare and endangered species of plants which can not grow under natural conditions.