4. 51 से 100 तक सख्यावाचकाः भाब्दा : याद करो और लिखो। (फेयर)
Science :
1. Project work - Prepare Agriculture practices for wheat plant in detail
2 Write about five scientist (Anu!
Answers
Explanation:
Wheat is grown in all types of climatic conditions i.e. tropical, sub-tropical and temperate. In
India, major wheat is under cultivation in areas in the sub-tropical region. The cool and sunny
winter is very conducive for growth of wheat crop. The range of temperature required for
optimum growth and development of wheat is as under:
Growth stages Temperature requirements
Germination 20 to 25°C mean daily
Vegetative growth 20 to 23°C mean daily
Grain filling 23 to 25°C mean daily
2: Soil requirement
Wheat can be grown on all kinds of soils, except the highly alkaline soils and water logged
conditions. Soils with clay loam or loam texture, good structure and moderate water holding capacity
are ideal for wheat cultivation. Durum wheat is preferably sown on medium to fine textured soils.
3: Agronomic Practices
• Land Preparation
The Wheat crop requires a well pulverized but compact seed bed for good uniform
germination. One deep ploughing with soil turning plough followed by two harrowing and
planking is desirable .
• Seed and Sowing
The optimum time of Sowing, Spacing & Seed Rate normally under specific production
conditions are as follows
Seed rate
(kg/ha) Time of sowing Spacing
(cm)
Irrigated Timely sown 100 10-25 November 20-23
Irrigated Late sown 125 25 Nov.-25 Dec. 15-18
Rainfed timely sown 100 25 Oct.-10 Nov. 20-25
The zone-wise broad optimum sowing time recommended are as follows:
Wheat Zones Optimum sowing time
Northern Hills Zone (NHZ) First Fortnight of November
Nort Western Plains Zone (NWPZ) -do-
Nort Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ) Mid November
Central Zone (CZ) -do-
Peninsular Zone (PZ) First Fortnight of November
Southern Hills Zone (SHZ) Last Week of November
• Seed treatment & sowing
To ensure good germination and establishment of diseased free crop stand seeds must be
treated with fungicide like Thirum or Bavistin 50WP @ 2.5 g/kg seed. Where there is problem of
loose smut treat the seeds with Carbendazim (Bavistin 50WP) @ 2.5 g/kg seed or Carboxin
(Vitavax 75 WP) @ 1.5g/kg seed to facilitate speedy germination in case of late sowings. Seeds
may be soaked overnight followed by drying in shed before sowing. The seeds should be placed
5-6 cm deep below the soil where sufficient soil moisture is available to enable germination. Use
of biofertilisers like Trichderma viridi ( @ 80 gms for every 10 gms of seeds) and Azotobacter & PSB
(@ 200 gms per 10 gms of seeds) help for better plant stand at intial stage of the crop.
4: Wheat Varieties
ICAR and State Agriculture Universities has developed many varieties of Wheat suitable
for different zones, regions, states and production conditions. The significant recent varieties that
were released during the last 10 years include HD3043(2012), HD2967(2010),
DBW71(2013),HD2987(2011) and DPW621-50(2011) recommended for the NWPZ. For the
NEPZ, the recent varieties include Raj 4120(2008), K0307(2006), HD2985(2009), HPW349(2013)
etc. The varieties viz., MP1202(2010), MP3336(2013), MP3288(2011) were among the recent ones in
the central zone. UAS428 (2012) and NIAW1415(2011) were among the recently released varieties
for the Peninsular Zone. For the Northern Hills Zone, HPW249(2010), HPW(349) were the
prominent ones.