Question

4) Answer the following. (i) Name the endocrine which is responsible for dwarfism and gigantism.
(ii) Which gland secretes digestive enzymes as well as hormones? (iii) Name the gland associated
with kidneys. (iv) Which endocrine gland is present in females but not in males? (v) Which gland
makes thyroxin? (vi) Which hormone can be known as flight or fight hormones?​

Answer 1

ANSWER:

1. Pituitary gland (Anterior pituitary)

2. Pancreas

3.Adrenal gland

4.Ovaries

5. Thyroid gland

6. Epinephrine and nor epinephrine.

EXPLANATION:

1.

• The anterior part of pitutary gland secretes a hormone called growth hormone or somatotropin or GH.

• When it is secreted in less amount in children, it causes dwarfism, resulting in stunts growth.

• When the secretion of GH is in excess, it causes gigantism in children and acromegaly in adult.

2.

• The gland that secretes both hormone and enzyme us pancreas. It is called dual gland.

• Pancreatic acini are responsible for the production of digestive enzymes.

• The cells of Islets of Langerhans of pancreas secrete hormones namely glucagon, insulin and somatostatin.

3.

• The gland associated with kidney is adrenal gland.

• The two adrenal glands are situated over each kidneys and hence called supra renal glands.

• They secrete mineralocorticoids , gluco corticoids, emergency hormones and some sex hormones.

4.

• The endocrine glands present only in female are ovaries.

• These are absent in male.

• Ovaries secrete sex hormone called oestrogen.

• Oesteogen is responsible for the secondary sexual characters of female.

5.

• Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland.

• Thyroid gland is situated in the neck region of humans.

• Excess of thyroxine causes exophthalmic goitre or thyrotoxicosis.

• Less secretion of thyroxine causes simple goitre, myxodema and cretinism.

6.

• The fight or flight hormones are epinephrine and nor epinephrine.

• These are secreted by adrenal medulla.

• These are also called adrenaline and nor adrenaline.

• Since these hormones prepare the body of the individual in emergency situations, these are called emergency hormones.