Question

4. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) Define the terms
(i) Digestion (ii) Nutrients (iii) Balanced diet (iv) Food Preservation.
(b) What is roughage? Why should it be included in our daily diet?
(c) Why is food cooked?
(d) What are the three things germs require to grow?​

Answer 1

Explanation:

1. Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. 
2. A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce. The requirement for dietary nutrient intake applies to animals, plants, fungi, and protists.
3. A balanced diet is a diet in which all the components needed to maintain health are present in appropriate proportions. The 'eatwell plate' shows the proportions of the different components that should be eaten daily in a well-balanced diet.
4. Food preservation consists of the application of science-based knowledge through a variety of available technologies and procedures, to prevent deterioration and spoilage of food products and extend their shelf-life, while assuring consumers a product free of pathogenic microorganisms.

• Roughage is the portion of plant foods, such as whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, fruits, and vegetables, that your body can't digest. However, it's an important food source for the beneficial bacteria in your gut. It may also aid weight management and decrease certain risk factors for heart disease.
• The process of cooking food breaks down some of its fibers and plant cell walls, making it easier for the body to digest and absorb the nutrients ( 17 ). Cooking also generally improves the taste and aroma of food, which makes it much more enjoyable to eat.
• Food (nutrients)

• Water (moisture)
• Proper temperature.
• Time.
• Air, no air, minimal air.
• Proper acidity (pH)
• Salt levels.

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