4. Briefly trace the process of German unitica
5. What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more
efficient in the territories ruled by him?
Answers
Explanation:
4) In the 1800s, nationalist feelings were strong in the hearts of the middle-class Germans. They united in 1848 to create a nation-state out of the numerous German States. But the monarchy and the military got together to repress them and they gained support from the landowners of Prussia (the Junkers) too. Prussia soon became the leader of the German unification movement. Its Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck was the architect of the process with support from Prussian army and Prussian bureaucracy. The unification process was completed after Prussia won wars with Austria, Denmark, and France over seven years time. In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was proclaimed the German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles.
5) Napoleon introduced the following changes to make the administrative system more efficient in the areas ruled by him:
He established civil code in 1804 also known as the Napoleonic Code. It did away with all privileges based on birth. It established equality before the law and secured the right to property.
He simplified administrative divisions, the abolished feudal system, and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.
In towns too, guild systems were removed.
Transport and communication systems were improved.
Peasants, artisans, businessmen and workers enjoyed the newfound freedom.
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