4 difference between monoatomic ions and polyatomic ions
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A monatomic ion consists of a single atom that is ionized. For example Na+, Cl-, Fe+3, O-2. A polyatomic ion consists of several atoms bonded to each other, but acting as if it were one ion. ClO3-, NH3+, SO4-2, CO3-2.
Explanation:
• Monatomic chemical species can be ions or inert gases.
• Some polyatomic species are ions and some are molecules.
• Properties
• Most of the monatomic ions are stable in water.
• Monatomic molecules are very stable; therefore, chemically inactive.
• Most of the polyatomic ions are either covalently bonded or metallic complexes.
• Polyatomic molecules are electrically neutral.
• Examples for Monatomic and Polyatomic:
• Examples for monatomic ions are Na+, Ca2+, K+, Al3+ and Fe3+.
• Examples for monatomic molecules are noble gases. They are Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) and Radon (Ra).
• Examples for polyatomic ions are CrO42-, CO32-, NH4+, H3O+.
• Examples for polyatomic molecules are KCl, KBrO3, C6H5COOH.
• Size:
• The size of the monatomic chemical species differs according to the way they form. For example, when positive ions are formed their sizes decreases and when negative ions are formed, the size increases than the original atom. Noble gases have the smallest size compared to the other elements in their period in the periodic table.
• When polyatomic chemical compounds are formed, the size of the polyatomic ion or the polyatomic molecule becomes bigger than all the original atoms in the compound. Because, two or more atoms combine to form a polyatomic ion /molecule.
• Shape:
• Generally monatomic molecules and ions are spherical in their geometry.
• The geometry of the polyatomic chemical species varies depending on the number of molecules and the lone pairs present in the molecule. As the number of atoms increases more complex structures are formed to attain stability.