Question

4. Differentiate between : a) Weather and Climate
b) Insolation and Terrestrial Radiation. (To be done in the Note Book) c) Troposphere and stratosphere.

Answer 1

Explanation:

Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place over a short period of time, whereas climate refers to the weather pattern, using statistical data, of a place over a long enough period to yield meaningful averages. Climatology studies climatic change, and is an atmospheric science. 

Answer 2

Answer:

2.3 RADIOACTIVITY IN ROCKS AND SOILS

Igneous and metamorphic rocks are crystalline rocks formed under conditions of high temperature and pressure, conditions in which rocks can melt and/or recrystallize. Uranium and Th are “incompatible” elements in that their large size does not allow them to fit in well in most mineral structures. As a result they are excluded from the earlier formed high temperature-high pressure minerals and tend to be enriched in alkalic rocks which are late in forming (Gascoyne, 1982). Because U and Th behave in a similar way under these conditions, the ratio between them is usually between 3 to 4 (Th to U) in common igneous rocks. The abundance of both elements tends to increase with content of silica so that granites generally have the highest content of U and Th (although seldom exceeding 30 ppm U) and silica-poor rocks generally have contents of U of 0.1 ppm or less (Rogers and Adams, 1969). Uranium and Th and their daughters, along with radioactive potassium, 40K, are the major heat producers in the crystalline crystal rocks.