4. Differentiate between the following pairs of terms:
(a) Protoplasm and cytoplasm
(b) Nucleolus and nucleus
(c) Centrosome and chromosome
(d) Cell wall and cell membrane
(e) Plant cell and animal cell
(f) Prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Answers
Answer:
(a) Protoplasm and cytoplasm - Protoplasm is the content of the cell including the cell membrane, cytoplasm and the cell nucleus whereas cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance surrounding the nucleus within the cell membrane. The cytoplasm contains the cell organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes etc.
(b) Nucleolus and nucleus - The nucleolus is a structure found in the nucleus of cells and it forms around specific chromosomal regions in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and is made up of proteins and ribonucleic acids. The nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
(c) Centrosome and chromosome - Centrosome is an organelle in the cell which is responsible in the division of cells. While chromosomes are highly condensed coiled chromatin fibers that is present inside the nucleus.
(d) Cell wall and cell membrane - Cell wall is found only in plant cells and is made up of cellulose whereas cell membrane is found in both plant and animal cells and is made up of lipids and proteins.
(e) Plant cell and animal cell - Animals cells store energy in the form of the complex carbohydrate glycogen. Plant cells store energy as starch.
(f) Prokaryotes and eukaryotes - Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Eukaryotes can be single-celled or multi-celled, such as you, me, plants, fungi, and insects. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.
Presence or absence of the nucleus is the main difference between cell's cytoplasm and protoplasm. ... Even the cytoplasm consists of the organelles like mitochondria, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, etc., on the other hand, protoplasm consists of the cytoplasm, nucleus, and the plasma membrane
The nucleolus is composed of RNA and proteins which form around specific chromosomal regions. It is one of the main components of the nucleus.
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Difference Between Nucleus and Nucleolus.
Nucleus : Nucleolus
Large in size : Very small in size
Bound by the nuclear envelope : It has no limiting membrane
Centrosome is an organelle in the cell which is responsible in the division of cells. While chromosomes are highly condensed coiled chromatin fibres that is present inside the nucleus.
The cell wall is present only in plants and the cell membrane is present in every living organism including plants.
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Difference between Cell Wall and Cell Membrane.
CELL WALL : CELL MEMBRANE
It is the outermost part of the plant cell :
It is the outermost covering the animal cells
A plant cell contains a large, singular vacuole that is used for storage and maintaining the shape of the cell. In contrast, animal cells have many, smaller vacuoles. Plant cells have a cell wall, as well as a cell membrane. In plants, the cell wall surrounds the cell membrane.
Prokaryotes are organisms that consist of a single prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists. They range from 10–100 μm in diameter, and their DNA is contained within a membrane-bound nucleus. Eukaryotes are organisms containing eukaryotic cells.