Question

4. Give functions.
a. Plasma membrane
b. Cytoplasm
c. Lysosome
d. Vacuole
e. Nucleus​

Answer 1

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ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ (ᴀʟsᴏ ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʟᴀsᴍᴀ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ (ᴘᴍ) ᴏʀ ᴄʏᴛᴏᴘʟᴀsᴍɪᴄ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ, ᴀɴᴅ ʜɪsᴛᴏʀɪᴄᴀʟʟʏ ʀᴇғᴇʀʀᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʟᴀsᴍᴀʟᴇᴍᴍᴀ) ɪs ᴀ ʙɪᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴛᴇʀɪᴏʀ ᴏғ ᴀʟʟ ᴄᴇʟʟs ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴜᴛsɪᴅᴇ ᴇɴᴠɪʀᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛ (ᴛʜᴇ ᴇxᴛʀᴀᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ sᴘᴀᴄᴇ) ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇᴄᴛs ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ғʀᴏᴍ ɪᴛs ᴇɴᴠɪʀᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛ.

ᴄʏᴛᴏᴘʟᴀsᴍ ɪs ᴀ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋ sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ғɪʟʟs ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴀɴᴅ ɪs ᴇɴᴄʟᴏsᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ. ɪᴛ ɪs ᴍᴀɪɴʟʏ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ᴏғ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ, sᴀʟᴛs, ᴀɴᴅ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴs. ɪɴ ᴇᴜᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛɪᴄ ᴄᴇʟʟs, ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʏᴛᴏᴘʟᴀsᴍ ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅᴇs ᴀʟʟ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀᴛᴇʀɪᴀʟ ɪɴsɪᴅᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏᴜᴛsɪᴅᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs.

ᴀ ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴇ ɪs ᴀ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ-ʙᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴs ᴅɪɢᴇsᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴇɴᴢʏᴍᴇs. ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ɪɴᴠᴏʟᴠᴇᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴠᴀʀɪᴏᴜs ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇssᴇs. ᴛʜᴇʏ ʙʀᴇᴀᴋ ᴅᴏᴡɴ ᴇxᴄᴇss ᴏʀ ᴡᴏʀɴ-ᴏᴜᴛ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴘᴀʀᴛs. ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴍᴀʏ ʙᴇ ᴜsᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴅᴇsᴛʀᴏʏ ɪɴᴠᴀᴅɪɴɢ ᴠɪʀᴜsᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ.

ᴀ ᴠᴀᴄᴜᴏʟᴇ ɪs ᴀ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ-ʙᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪs ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛ ɪɴ ᴀʟʟ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ғᴜɴɢᴀʟ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴀɴᴅ sᴏᴍᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴛɪsᴛ, ᴀɴɪᴍᴀʟ ᴀɴᴅ ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀʟ ᴄᴇʟʟs.

ɪɴ ᴄᴇʟʟ ʙɪᴏʟᴏɢʏ, ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs (ᴘʟ. ɴᴜᴄʟᴇɪ; ғʀᴏᴍ ʟᴀᴛɪɴ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs ᴏʀ ɴᴜᴄᴜʟᴇᴜs, ᴍᴇᴀɴɪɴɢ ᴋᴇʀɴᴇʟ ᴏʀ sᴇᴇᴅ) ɪs ᴀ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ-ʙᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇ ғᴏᴜɴᴅ ɪɴ ᴇᴜᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛɪᴄ ᴄᴇʟʟs. ᴇᴜᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ᴜsᴜᴀʟʟʏ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴀ sɪɴɢʟᴇ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs, ʙᴜᴛ ᴀ ғᴇᴡ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴛʏᴘᴇs, sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴍᴀᴍᴍᴀʟɪᴀɴ ʀᴇᴅ ʙʟᴏᴏᴅ ᴄᴇʟʟs, ʜᴀᴠᴇ ɴᴏ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇɪ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴀ ғᴇᴡ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀs ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ ᴏsᴛᴇᴏᴄʟᴀsᴛs ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴍᴀɴʏ. ✿◉●•◦

Answer 2

Plasma Membrane

The primary function of the plasma membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, the plasma membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and regulates the movement of substances in and out of cells.

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm holds the internal components of cells in place and protects them from damage. Cytoplasm stores molecules used for cellular processes, as well as hosts many of these processes within the cell itself.

Lysosome

Inside a cell, numerous organelles function to remove wastes. One of the key organelles involved in digestion and waste removal is the lysosome. Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.

Vacoule

The central vacuole is a cellular organelle found in plant cells. It is often the largest organelle in the cell. It is surrounded by a membrane and functions to hold materials and wastes. It also functions to maintain the proper pressure within the plant cells to provide structure and support for the growing plant.

Nucleus

This organelle has two major functions: it stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates the cell's activities, which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division). Only the cells of advanced organisms, known as eukaryotes, have a nucleus.

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