4. How can you say that Aurangzeb’s deccan policy was failed?
Answers
Aurangzeb’s Deccan Policy refers to the extended period of conflict and diplomacy between the Mughals and the states of Bijapur, Golconda and the Maratha Swarashtra under Shivaji and his successors.
Historians have attributed this to both territorial necessities of the Mughal State and Aurangzeb’s personal religious zeal.
The Deccan policy of Aurangzeb forms an important part of Mughal historical study since it can also be argued that the economical dimension of the conquest of Deccan marked the beginning of the decline of Mughal power in India.
The Three Phases:
Historians have analysed the Deccan conquest of Aurangzeb in three phases.
The First phase (1658-1666) was characterised by the policies of Raja Jai Singh, the Governor of Deccan, who advocated a forward policy. This phase saw the defeat of Shivaji at the hand of Jai Singh and the signing of the treaty of Purandhar.
Jai Singh was in favour of a Mughal-Maratha alliance against the Deccan States but his plans did not materialise and at the end his assault on Bijapur with a weak army did not succeed.
The Second Phase (1667-1681) was characterised by attempts at diplomacy on part of the Mughals to find a faction in the Bijapur court and form an alliance against the Marathas and Golconda. However, it was frustrated by the diplomacy of the brothers Madanna and Akhanna of the Golconda court.
Under Diler Khan, the new Governor in Deccan, attempts were made on Golconda (1677) and Bijapur (1678-79) but without appreciable success.
The Third Phase (1682-94) saw Aurangzeb arriving at Deccan chasing after his recalcitrant son Akbar. While in the Deccan, he demanded a military fief consisting of cavalry reinforcements from the Adil Shahi ruler of Bijapur against the Marathas and also free-passage through Bijapur territories.
The Bijapuri ruler’s siding with the Marathas led to Aurangzeb’s siege of Bijapur and its fall in 1686 and later in 1687 the fall of Golconda signalled Aurangzeb’s victory over the Deccani states.
However, Aurangzeb’s victory in Deccan was followed by a long phase of conflicts with the Marathas under the descendants of Shivaji. The situation was only exacerbated by the execution of Shivaji’s successor Sambhaji by the Mughals. Agrarian disturbances and the Marathas frustrated all attempts by Aurangzeb to assert his control. Indeed, the conquest of Deccan and inconsistent policy followed by the Mughals resulted in crippling structural problems and can be considered the genesis of Mughal decline. Aurangzeb’s Deccan Policy refers to the extended period of conflict and diplomacy between the Mughals and the states of Bijapur, Golconda and the Maratha Swarashtra under Shivaji and his successors.
Historians have attributed this to both territorial necessities of the Mughal State and Aurangzeb’s personal religious zeal.
The Deccan policy of Aurangzeb forms an important part of Mughal historical study since it can also be argued that the economical dimension of the conquest of Deccan marked the beginning of the decline of Mughal power in India. You can also watch this video to get a clearer overview of Aurangzeb’s Deccan Policy.
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