4.How does psychology differ from false expectations of behavior?
5.How dependable is psychological information in popular media?
6.What is the role of critical thinking in the scientific process?
7.What ethical questions does psychological research raise?
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Answers
Answer:
4. Unlike psychology, pseudopsychologies change little over time because followers seek evidence that appears to confirm their beliefs and avoid evidence that contradicts their beliefs.
5. Information in the mass media varies greatly in quality and accuracy and should be approached with skepticism and caution.
6. According to Osborne J. (2014), Critical Thinking is fostered in science classrooms: By opportunities to engage students in critique, argumentation, and questioning. These, not only help build students' understanding of science, but also develop their ability to reason scientifically.
7. There are a number of important issues that researchers should be mindful of when undertaking investigations, with regards to the selection and subsequent treatment of their participants: Confidentiality. Informed consent. Deception. Debriefing. Right to withdraw. Protection of participants. Working with animals.
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Explanation:
People with critical thinking have the consistency of living rationally. He will be able to understand logical connections between ideas. Reasons will be relying on instead of emotion. Thinking critically means seeing things from many perspectives with an open minded way. A critical thinker is able to understand what happened, use information given to solve problems, besides seeking relevant information which will be able to help him. Also, he can identify, construct and evaluate problems faced. Critical thinking can always be used in order to enhance the process of work and social institutions.
Some believe that critical thinking will affect one’s creativity as it depends on rules of logic and rationality, as creativity might require breaking rules. Well, this is a not true. Actually, critical thinking is something to do with thinking “out-of-the-box”. Critical thinking is an utmost important part of creativity and we often need critical thinking to help us in evaluating and improving our creativity skills.
Besides, critical thinking teaches us how to differentiate emotion and reason. No matter how logical we are, when come to facing problems, we do have emotions and argues on accepting ideas and solutions. Critical thinking helps us to separate the two, and as a result, we will not be easily interfered.