Question

4. Is a looser form of 20th century music development focused
on nationalist composers and musical innovators.​

Answer 1

During the 20th century there was a large increase in the variety of music that people had access to. Prior to the invention of mass market gramophone records (developed in 1892) and radio broadcasting (first commercially done ca. 1919–20), people mainly listened to music at live Classical music concerts or musical theatre shows, which were too expensive for many working class people; on early phonograph players (a technology invented in 1877 which was not mass-marketed until the mid-1890s); or by individuals performing music or singing songs on an amateur basis at home, using sheet music, which required the ability to sing, play, and read music. These were skills that tended to be limited to middle-class and upper-class individuals. With the mass-market availability of gramophone records and radio broadcasts, listeners could purchase recordings of, or listen on radio to recordings or live broadcasts of a huge variety of songs and musical pieces from around the globe. This enabled a much wider range of the population to listen to performances of Classical music symphonies and operas that they would not be able to hear live, either due to not being able to afford live-concert tickets or because such music was not performed in their region.

Answer 2

Answer:

The 20th century saw the development of aleatory, atonality, serialism, musique concrète, electronic music, and concept music.

Explanation:

The range of music that was available to individuals increased significantly over the 20th century. Before the development of phonograph records and radio broadcasting for the general public. These were abilities that were often reserved for middle-class and upper-class people. Listeners could buy recordings of, or listen on the radio to recordings of, a large range of songs and musical pieces from around the world because of the mass-market accessibility of phonograph records and radio broadcasts. This made it possible for a larger segment of the people to enjoy classical music operas and symphonies that they otherwise would not have been able to attend.

Thus, the 19th century has been referred to as the European Age of Nationalism, whilst the 20th century saw the birth and conflict of strong national organizations throughout Asia and Africa.