4 resolution of the JNC Session 1920
Answers
Explanation:
The Indian National Congress was founded at Bombay in December 1885.
The early leadership – Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W.C. Bonnerji, Surendranath Banerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer, among others – was largely from Bombay and Calcutta.
A retired British official, A.O. Hume, also played a part in bringing Indians from the various regions together.
Formation of Indian National Congress was an effort in the direction of promoting the process of nation building.
In an effort to reach all regions, it was decided to rotate the Congress session among different parts of the country.
The President belonged to a region other than where the Congress session was being held.
Sessions
First Session: held at Bombay in 1885. President: W.C. Bannerjee
Formation of Indian National Congress.
Second Session: held at Calcutta in 1886. President: Dadabhai Naoroji
Third Session: held at Madras in 1887. President: Syed Badruddin Tyabji, first muslim President.
Fourth Session: held at Allahabad in 1888. President: George Yule, first English President.
1896: Calcutta. President: Rahimtullah Sayani
National Song ‘Vande Mataram’ sung for the first time by Rabindranath Tagore.
1899: Lucknow. President: Romesh Chandra Dutt.
Demand for permanent fixation of Land revenue
1901: Calcutta. President: Dinshaw E.Wacha
First time Gandhiji appeared on the Congress platform
1905: Benaras. President: Gopal Krishan Gokhale
Formal proclamation of Swadeshi movement against government
Answer:
The Non-Cooperation Movement sought to achieve the following objectives:
(i) To attain self-government within the British Empire if possible and outside if necessary.
(ii) Punishing those guilty of atrocities in Punjab.
(iii) Restoring the old status of the Sultan of Turkey.
b) Suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement:
The tragedy at Chauri Chaura, a village in Gorakhpur district in Uttar Pradesh, occurred on February 5, 1922. A procession of about 3,000 peasants marched to the police station to protest against the police officer who had beaten some volunteers picketing a liquor shop. The police fired at the peasants. This infuriated the demonstrators and they set the nearby police station on fire, killing 22 policemen who were inside the police station. There were a few violent incidents in other parts of the country. Gandhiji, a believer in 'Ahimsa' was greatly shocked at these incidents and he withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement on February 12, 1922.
c) Effects:
(i) The Congress Became a Revolutionary Movement: It transformed the Indian National Congress from a deliberate assembly into an organisation for action. It became the organiser and leader of the masses in their national struggle. Thus, the Congress became a force to reckon with.
(ii) Fostered Hindu- Muslim unity: It fostered Hindu-Muslim unity which could be seen in the merger of the Khilafat issue with this movement. It provided an opportunity to the Congress to bring the urban Muslims into the National Movement by convincing them that the nation was equally concerned with the problems affecting them.
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