4. Short answer questions:
(a) Highlight the work done by Iitutmish during his reign.
Mention two measures that were adopted by Balban to strengthen the position of the Sultan.
(c) What was the function of wazir in the Sultanate administration?
(d) What were the changes brought about in the army by Alauddin Khilji?
(e) Describe the invasion of Timur.
Answers
Answer:
(a)He strengthened and expanded the Muslim empire in northern India and moved the capital to Delhi, where he built the great victory tower, the Quṭb Mīnār.
(b)The 2 measures that were adopted by Balban to strengthen the position of the Sultan is: 1) Balban introduced the ritual of kissing the Sultan's feet to glorify Sutan's position and status. 2) He introduced the ritual of Sidjah to enhance Sultan's status.
(c)Wazir or the Prime Minister had great authority, and all the officers were appointed by him only. He was the advisor of the Sultan in the administrative affairs. He was the head of the finance department, by regulating the revenue settlement, fixing the taxes, and controlling the expense of the empire.
(d)The Dagh and Chehra system was introduced by Alauddin Khilji (1296–1316) and consisted of two practices: Ala-ud-din introduced a system of chehra, an identity card system for every soldier, Dagh to brand horses to be used specifically for wars. Dagh and chehra were the 2 reforms in the army.
(e)Timur invaded northern India in 1398, attacking the Delhi Sultanate, which was ruled by the Tughlaq dynasty's Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq. He sacked Tulamba and massacred its inhabitants after crossing the Indus River on September 30, 1398. Then he advanced further and by October, had captured Multan.