4. What are the major industries of Assam?
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Major Industries of Assam include Tea, Petroleum, Plywood, Paper, Fertilizer, Cement, Coal, Leather etc. The brief outlines of some important industries are furnished below: (i) Tea Industry of Assam :
Tea Industry is playing a dominant role in the economy of Assam. The importance of tea industry can be realized from the fact that Assam alone produces more than 50 percent of country's total tea production. Further, Assam Tea also contribute substantially to the
national exchequer every year in the shape of foreign .exchange earnings through its export. The total area under tea cultivation in the State was 2.69 lakh hectares during 2001 accounting for more than
half of the total area (53 percent) of 5.07 lakh hectares of the country.
Besides tea industry is also playing a vital role in employment generation. The tea industry is also providing largest number of employment in the State with more than 9 lakhs part time and
fulltime labourer at present. The estimated production of tea in Assam was 654.7 thousand tonnes in 2005-06 (Govt, of Assam, DES, 2006-07)
The 178 year old tea industry of Assam which is considered as main stay of the State's economy is now facing difficult times in the face of domestic and international competition in terms of quality and price.
(ii) Petroleum Industry of Assam:
As Assam is having sufficient deposit of petroleum crude, four oil refineries, namely - Digboi Refinery, Guwahati Refinery, Bongaigaon Refinery and Numaligarh Refinery have already been established in the State.
Digboi Refinery:
Digboi Refinery was established in 1901 and had the distinction of being the oldest refinery in Asia. At present, Digboi Refinery is one of the six oil refineries operated by the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) and its installed capacity is 0.7 million metric tonne per annum (MMTPA).
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