4. What do you understand by the term 'human security'? only IGNOU book ans? in 500 word?
Answers
Human Security / a comprehensive, people-centred and prevention-oriented concept that includes protection from threats in the area of economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community and political security.
Security, in the literal sense of the word, means a state free from care (lat. se cura). Since the first nation-states emerged in the mid-16th century up until the end of World War II, security was commonly understood as the primary concern of states to maintain external sovereignty and to avert any threats from the outside, particularly military threats from other states. This understanding has changed fundamentally in recent decades.There are countless examples throughout history where seeking “security” has served to justify wars and raids, conquering colonies and oppressing peoples. Security policy was a zero-sum game played according to the law of the strongest, with security of the powerful being based on the insecurity of the less powerful. This narrow understanding of security – sovereignty and protection of states – was called into question when humankind entered the nuclear age.
Since any use of nuclear weapons harbours the risk of uncontrollable devastation, it was the interdependence of security, between the “haves” and the “have-nots”, which became a political issue. A deep understanding of this new dimension of threat, and of the responsibility of social and natural scientists to work together to find ways of better dealing with conflict than weaponised security, was an important impulse for the founding of the Berghof Foundation for Conflict Studies in the 1970s.
Growing awareness of nuclear interdependence has also helped to carve out a growing consciousness that security is no longer just a military issue or privilege only of states. Rather, structural interdependences may also exist because of other – non-military – risks or threats to physical existence and between unequally powerful social actors in conflict, such as between dysfunctional governments and an organised opposition in fragile states. Structural interdependence and power asymmetries may thus become a strong driver of interests in Conflict Transformation.
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Answer:
the term human security is to protect the humans
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