4. Who was the last Mughal Emperor?
5. How did India become
did India become a raw-material producing country?
arts
When was the Permanent settlement introduced?
7. Why were the Taluqdars of Awadh angry with the British?
When was the General Enlistment Act passed? What were its terms and conditions?
9. Why did the sepoys refuse to use the Enfield cartridges?
10. Who was Mangal Pandey?
11. When and how did the sepoy mutiny start?
12. Who led the mutiny in Kanpur and Lucknow?
Answers
4. Bahadur Shah Zafar, he was the second son of and became the successor of his father, Akbar II.
6. The Permanent Settlement of Bengal was brought into effect by the East India Company headed by the Governor-General Lord Cornwallis in 1793. This was basically an agreement between the company and the Zamindars to fix the land revenue.
7. (i) The British were unwilling to tolerate the power of Taluqdars. Immediately after the annexation, the taluqdars were disarmed and their forts destroyed.
(ii) The British land revenue policy further undermined the position and authority of the taluqdars.
(iii) The Summary Settlements proceeded to remove the taluqdars wherever possible.
(iv) It was based on the assumption that the taluqdars were interlopers with permanent stakes in land.
(v) The ties of loyalty and patronage that had bound the peasants to the taluqdars were disrupted.
8. General Enlistment act passed on 1856. The general service enlistment act of 1856 provided that all the sepoys of the Bengal army should be ready for service anywhere within or outside India. The Bengal army mainly consisted of the soilders of high caste like Brahmin and Rajputs. Under the provisions of the Act, they could be sent overseas and Sea Voyage was against the accepted belief of a Brahmin.
9. There were rumours that the cartridges used in the Pattern 1853 Enfield rifled musket were lubricated with beef tallow, pork fat or both. Since the drill for loading the P1853 Enfield required the user to tear off the end of the paper cartridge with their teeth, this would had defiled the Hindu and Muslim sepoys.
10. Mangal Pandey (19 July 1827 – 8 April 1857) was an Indian soldier who played a key part in events immediately preceding the outbreak of the Indian rebellion of 1857. He was a sepoy (sipahi) in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry (BNI) regiment of the British East India Company.
11. The mutiny of the Sepoy (= native troops in the British army) began on May 10, 1857, when Indian soldiers who had been placed in irons for refusing to accept new cartridges were rescued by their comrades.
12. Lucknow - Begum Hazrat Mahal, Birjis Qadir, Ahmadullah (advisor of the ex-Nawab of Awadh)
Kanpur - Nana Sahib, Rao Sahib (nephew of Nana), Tantia Tope, Azimullah Khan (advisor of Nana Sahib