4. Write a short note on Goiter.
Answers
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Goiter, is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland. A goitre can be associated with a thyroid that is not functioning properly. Worldwide, over 90% of goitre cases are caused by iodine deficiency. The term is from the Latin gutturia, meaning throat.
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A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland.
The thyroid gland is situated in front of the windpipe and is responsible for producing and secreting hormones that regulate growth and metabolism.
Most cases are categorized as ‘simple’ goiters that do not involve inflammation or any detriment to thyroid function, produce no symptoms, and often have no obvious cause.
Some people experience a small amount of swelling. Others can have considerable swelling that constricts the trachea and causes breathing problems.
Symptoms
The degree of swelling and the severity of symptoms produced by the goiter depends on the individual.
Most goiters produce no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, the following are most common:
throat symptoms of tightness, cough, and hoarseness
trouble swallowing
in severe cases, difficulty breathing, possibly with a high-pitch sound
Other symptoms may be present because of the underlying cause of the goiter, but they are not because of the goiter itself. For example, an overactive thyroid can cause symptoms such as:
nervousness
palpitations
hyperactivity
increased sweating
heat hypersensitivity
fatigue
increased appetite
hair loss
weight loss
In cases where goiter is a result of hypothyroidism, the underactive thyroid can cause symptoms such as:
cold intolerance
constipation
forgetfulness
personality changes
hair loss
weight gain
Aside from the swelling itself, many people with goiter present no symptoms or signs at all.
Causes
Goiter can be caused by a number of different conditions:
Iodine deficiency