Question

41. What can be seen in apmictic species?
(A) formation of flower without fertilisation
(B) Formation of ftuit without fertilisation
(C) Formation of egg without fertilisation
(D) Formation of seed without fertilisation
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Answer 1

In some apomictic species the stimulus of pollination is required to trigger embryo development or the production of endosperm; this is called pseudogamy. Apomixis is widespread and present in diverse plant families. Among crops, apomixis is present in species such as citrus and numerous perennial forage grasses.

a. Apomixis is a special process found to generate seeds without fertilisation in flowering plants. It is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction and is frequently found in citrus varieties. For seed development, it does not require sexual fusion. Thus, the correct answer is option D Apomixis.

b. Parthenocarpy refers to the development of fruit without fertilization. The process produces a sterile fruit that lacks seeds. This means that the pollination results in a production of berries that are completely seedless (Colova-Tsolova et al., 2003). Parthenocarpic seedless berries are mostly small.

c. Parthenogenesis, a reproductive strategy that involves development of a female (rarely a male) gamete (sex cell) without fertilization. ... An egg produced parthenogenetically may be either haploid (i.e., with one set of dissimilar chromosomes) or diploid (i.e., with a paired set of chromosomes).

d. Apomixis (asexual seed formation) is the result of a plant gaining the ability to bypass the most fundamental aspects of sexual reproduction: meiosis and fertilization. Without the need for male fertilization, the resulting seed germinates a plant that develops as a maternal clone.