43.In an experimental setup, as shown in figure a. equal levels of hypotonic and hypertonic solutions are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. This setup is left undisturbed for a few hours for osmosis to take place. Black dots indicate water particles whereas white dots indicate sugar/salt particles. Hypertonic Hypotonic When the setup is observed again: Soln. Soln. a. there would be no change on either side Figure a. b. solution on hypotonic side would be higher than hypertonic side c. solution on hypertonic side would be higher than hypotonic side d. hypotonic side would become empty with all water shifting to hypertonic side.
Answers
Explanation:
the role it plays in the water balance of cells.
How it works
Why does water move from areas where solutes are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated?
This is actually a complicated question. To answer it, let’s take a step back and refresh our memory on why diffusion happens. In diffusion, molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration—not because they’re aware of their surroundings, but simply as a result of probabilities. When a substance is in gas or liquid form, its molecules will be in constant, random motion, bouncing or sliding around one another. If there are lots of molecules of a substance in compartment A and no molecules of that substance in compartment B, it’s very unlikely—impossible, actually—that a molecule will randomly move from B to A. On the other hand, it’s extremely likely that a molecule will move from A to B. You can picture all of those molecules bouncing around in compartment A and some of them making the leap over to compartment B. So, the net movement of molecules will be from A to B, and this will be the case until the concentrations become equal.
In the case of osmosis, you can once again think of molecules—this time, water molecules—in two compartments separated by a membrane. If neither compartment contains any solute, the water molecules will be equally likely to move in either direction between the compartments. But if we add solute to one compartment, it will affect the likelihood of water molecules moving out of that compartment and into the other—specifically, it will reduce this likelihood.
Why should that be? There are some different explanations out there. The one that seems to have the best scientific support involves the solute molecules actually bouncing off the membrane and physically knocking the water molecules backwards and away from it, making them less likely to cross^{1,2}1,2start superscript, 1, comma, 2, end superscript.
Regardless of the exact mechanisms involved, the key point is that the more solute water contains, the less apt it will be to move across a membrane into an adjacent compartment. This results in the net flow of water from regions of lower solute concentration to regions of higher solute concentration.
Illustration of osmosis. A beaker is divided in half by a semi-permeable membrane. In the left—initial—image, the water level is equal on both sides, but there are fewer particles of solute on the left than on the right. In the right—final—image, there has been a net movement of water from the area of lower to the area of higher solute concentration. The water level on the left is now lower than the water level on the right, and the solute concentrations in the two compartments are more equal.
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