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sive e uses o Borax
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Answer:
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Answer:
Explanation:
Borax
For other uses, see Borax (disambiguation).
Borax
Borax crystals
Ball-and-stick model of the unit cell of borax decahydrate
Names
IUPAC name
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate
Other names
Borax decahydrate
Identifiers
CAS Number
1330-43-4 (anhydrous) ☑
1303-96-4 (decahydrate)
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChEBI
CHEBI:86222 ☒
ChEMBL
ChEMBL1076681 ☒
ChemSpider
17339255 ☑
EC Number
215-540-4
E number E285 (preservatives)
KEGG
D03243 ☒
PubChem CID
11954323
UNII
91MBZ8H3QO ☑
InChI[show]
SMILES[show]
Properties
Chemical formula
Na2B4O7·10H2O or Na2[B4O5(OH)4]·8H2O
Molar mass 201.22 (anhydrous)
381.38 (decahydrate)
Appearance white solid
Density 2.4 g/cm3 (anhydrous, solid)[1]
1.73 g/cm3 (decahydrate, solid)[1]
Melting point 743 °C (1,369 °F; 1,016 K) (anhydrous)[1]
75 °C (decahydrate, decomposes)[1]
Boiling point 1,575 °C (2,867 °F; 1,848 K) (anhydrous)[1]
Solubility in water
31.7 g/L (both)[1]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
−85.0·10−6 cm3/mol (anhydrous)[2]
Refractive index (nD)
n1=1.447, n2=1.469, n3=1.472 (decahydrate)[3]
Structure[4]
Crystal structure
Monoclinic, mS92, No. 15
Space group
C2/c
Point group
2/m
Lattice constant
a = 1.1885 nm, b = 1.0654 nm, c = 1.2206 nm
α = 90°, β = 106.623°°, γ = 90°
Lattice volume (V)
1.4810 nm3
Formula units (Z)
4
Pharmacology
ATC code
S01AX07 (WHO)
Hazards
GHS pictograms GHS08: Health hazard
GHS hazard statements
H360
GHS precautionary statements
P201, P308+313
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
[8]
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
010
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
none[5]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 1 mg/m3 (anhydrous and pentahydrate)[5][6]
TWA 5 mg/m3 (decahydrate)[7]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
N.D.[5]
Related compounds
Other anions
Sodium aluminate
Other cations
Lithium tetraborate
Related compounds
Boric acid, sodium perborate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Borax, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate, is a compound with formula Na
2H
4B
4O
9•nH
2O or, more precisely, [Na•(H
2O)+
m]
2 [B
4O
5(OH)2−
4].[9][10]
The formula is often improperly written as Na
2B
4O
7•(n+2)H
2O, reflecting an older incorrect understanding of the anion's molecular structure. The name may refer to any of a number of closely related boron-containing mineral or chemical compounds that differ in their water of crystallization content. The most commonly encountered one is the octahydrate Na
2H
4B
4O
9•8H
2O or [Na(H
2O)+
4]
2 [B
4O
5(OH)2−
2] (or Na
2B
4O
7•10H
2O, the "decahydrate", in the older notation).[9] It is a colorless crystalline solid that dissolves in water.
Borax is a component of many detergents, cosmetics, and enamel glazes. It is used to make buffer solutions in biochemistry, as a fire retardant, as an anti-fungal compound, in the manufacture of fiberglass, as a flux in metallurgy, neutron-capture shields for radioactive sources, a texturing agent in cooking, as a cross-linking agent in slime, as an alkali in photographic developers, as a precursor for other boron compounds, and is useful as an insecticide (similarly to boric acid).
In artisanal gold mining, borax is sometimes used as part of a process (as a flux) meant to eliminate the need for toxic mercury in the gold extraction process, although it cannot directly replace mercury. Borax was reportedly used by gold miners in parts of the Philippines in the 1900s.[11]
Borax was first discovered in dry lake beds in Tibet and was imported via the Silk Road to the Arabian Peninsula in the 8th century AD.[12] Borax first came into common use in the late 19th century when Francis Marion Smith's Pacific Coast Borax Company began to market and popularize a large variety of applications under the 20 Mule Team Borax trademark, named for the method by which borax was originally hauled out of the California and Nevada deserts.[13][14]