Question

5. Answer the following questions-

a) List three differences between antibodies and antibiotics.

b) Why does sugar solution with yeast powder become alcoholic in taste?

c) Give two uses of microorganisms in following area-

i) Food industry ii) Medicinal use iii) Environmental related

d) What is vaccination?

e) How can we control disease caused by mosquitoes?

f) Name any five antibiotics obtained from microbes.

g) Explain why plastic finds such a variety of uses.

h) Disposal of plastic is a major problem. Why?

i) List at least six ways by which we can reduce the use of plastic materials.

j) Differentiate between bio-degradable and non-bio-degradable substances.

k) What is crop rotation?

l) Why organic manure is considered better than chemical fertilizer?

m) What precautions should be taken while storing harvested grains?

n) List two major benefits of using drip-irrigation technique.​

Answer 1

a) List three differences between antibodies and antibiotics.

Ans-

Antibiotic

1. Antibiotic is produced by using one micro-organism that selectively inhibits the growth of another.
2. They are effective against bacteria only.
3. They kill and inhibit the growth and development of bacteria.
4. Examples of antibiotics are penicillin, Zithromax, etc.

Antibodies

1. Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that are produced by the immune system which works against pathogens that enter the body and refrain them from harming the body.
2. They effective protect against bacteria, viruses, or other chemicals
3. They Protects the body against diseases
4. Examples of antibodies are IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, etc.

b) Why does sugar solution with yeast powder become alcoholic in taste?

Ans-

When sugar solution reacts with yeast powder, it becomes alcoholic in taste This phenomenon is known as fermentation. Sugar is a form of glucose and yeast acts upon it to form ethanol, carbon-dioxide and energy. The formation of ethanol is what makes the sugar-solution alcoholic in taste.

c) Give two uses of microorganisms in following area-

Ans-

1. Bread Baking
2. Alcoholic Drinks

d) What is vaccination?

Ans-

A preparation that is used to stimulate the body's immune response against diseases. Vaccines are usually administered through needle injections, but some can be administered by mouth or sprayed into the nose.

e) How can we control disease caused by mosquitoes?

Ans-

Personal protection measures, such as repellents and protective clothing, are effective against all of them. It is recommended to use a suitable mosquito repellent for children and expectant mothers mostly when they are stepping out.

f) Name any five antibiotics obtained from microbes.

Ans-

1. Penicillin
2. Cephalosporin
3. Griseofulvin
4. Bacitracin
5. Polymyxin B

g) Explain why plastic finds such a variety of uses.

Ans-

The fact is that plastic is easily mouldable i.e. can be shaped in any form. Plastic can be recycled, reused, coloured, melted, rolled into sheets or made into wires. That is why it finds such a variety of uses.

h) Disposal of plastic is a major problem. Why?

Ans-

The plastic waste is harmful to animals who might eat it, can cause severe air pollution on burning, and can create a heap of waste which will not decompose, hence disposal of plastic waste is a major problem.

i) List at least six ways by which we can reduce the use of plastic materials.

Ans-

1. Wean yourself off disposable plastics.
2. Stop buying water.
3. Boycott microbeads.
4. Cook more.
5. Purchase items secondhand.
6. Recycle (duh).

j) Differentiate between bio-degradable and non-bio-degradable substances.

Ans-

Bio-degradable

1. It decomposes naturally in the environment by
2. the action of microorganisms.
3. It is environment friendly.
4. It is made up of natural ingredients
5. It can be converted into manure or recycled.
6. Examples: Waste paper, wood crumbles, etc.

Non Bio-degradable

1. It does not decompose naturally
2. It is harmful to the environment and causes pollution.
3. It is made up of synthetic materials
4. It can be either reused or recycled
5. Examples: Plastic bags, cans, disposable bottles, etc.

k) What is crop rotation?

Ans-

Crop rotation is the practice of planting different crops sequentially on the same plot of land to improve soil health, optimize nutrients in the soil, and combat pest and weed pressure.

l) Why organic manure is considered better than chemical fertilizer?

Ans-

Organic manure improves the texture of the soil by not altering the pH of the soil. It has more moisture and organic content. Organic manure is usually derived from animal matter, animal and human excreta, and vegetative matter (e.g. compost and crop residues). As a result, it causes less damage to the environment.

m) What precautions should be taken while storing harvested grains?

Ans-

The grains should be stored in new or clean bags to avoid infections. The crops must be clean, insect free, cool and dry. The mouth of the bags should be stitched properly after filling with grains.

n) List two major benefits of using drip-irrigation technique.

Ans-

1. Drip irrigation is the most efficient water and nutrient delivery system for growing crops.
2. It delivers water and nutrients directly to the plant's roots zone, in the right amounts, at the right time, so each plant gets exactly what it needs, when it needs it, to grow optimally.

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