Question

5. Compare the following organs in various classes of Vertebrata :
(i) Heart (ii) Respiratory organs​

Answer 1

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(I). 2 chamber heart in Pise's

(ii). 2 chamber heart in birds

(iii). 3 amphibians

(iv). 3 chamber heart in reptiles only crocodile have 4 chamber heart

(v). 4 chamber in mammals.

Answer 2

Answer:

Three of the vertebrate classes are fish. The most primitive of these is Agnatha click this icon to hear the preceding term pronounced. It consists of jawless fish that do not have scales. These are the lampreys and hagfish. Fish that have skeletons consisting of hard rubber-like cartilage rather than bone are members of the class Chondrichthyes click this icon to hear the preceding term pronounced. These are the sharks and rays. All of the bony fish are members of the class Osteichthyes click this icon to hear the preceding term pronounced. Tuna, bass, salmon, and trout are examples of Osteichthyes.

Animals in the class Amphibia click this icon to hear the preceding term pronounced spend part of their lives under water and part on land. Frogs, toads, and salamanders are amphibians. Many of these species must keep their skin moist by periodically returning to wet areas. All of them must return to water in order to reproduce because their eggs would dry out otherwise. They start life with gills, like fish, and later develop lungs to breathe air.

The class Aves click this icon to hear the preceding term pronounced includes all the birds. They also produce amniote eggs but usually give them greater protection from predators by laying them high off of the ground or in other relatively inaccessible locations. In the case of both reptiles and birds, the eggs are fertilized within the reproductive tract of females. There are other striking similarities between reptiles and birds in their anatomies and reproductive systems. This is not surprising because birds are descendents of theropod dinosaurs (two-legged mostly carnivorous dinosaurs).

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