Question

5. Define the following terms (Any Fi
(i)
Transplantation
Pasteurization
(ii)
Calorific value of a fule
(iv)
Ribosomes
(v)
Balanced force
(vi) Force of friction
(vii) Dispersion of light
5. Short answer questions:​

Answer 1

Answer:

ii) Pasteurization or pasteurisation is a process in which packaged and non-packaged foods (such as milk and fruit juice) treated with mild heat, usually to less than 100 °C (212 °F), to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life.

iii) The calorific value of a fuel is the quantity of heat produced by its combustion – at constant pressure and under “normal” (standard) conditions (i.e. to 0oC and under a pressure of 1,013 mbar).

iv) Ribosomes are minute particles consisting of RNA and associated proteins that function to synthesize proteins. Proteins are needed for many cellular functions such as repairing damage or directing chemical processes. Ribosomes can be found floating within the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

v) Balanced forces are those two forces acting in opposite directions on an object, and they are equal in size. Anytime if there is a balanced force on an object, the object stays still or it continues moving at the same speed and in the same direction is called a balanced force.

vi) The friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it. There are at least two types of friction force - sliding and static friction. Though it is not always the case, the friction force often opposes the motion of an object.

vii) In optics, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency. Media having this common property may be termed dispersive media. Sometimes the term chromatic dispersion is used for specificity.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

(i) Transplantation -- The Process Of taking an organ or living tissue and implanting it in another part of the body or in another body is known as Transplantation.

ii) Pasteurisation -- The Partial Sterilization of a product such as milk or wine, to make it safe for consumption and improve its keeping quality is called Pasteurisation.

iii) Calorific Value Of A Fuel -- The Calorific Value Of A Fuel is the number of heat units evolved when unit mass of a fuel is completely burnt and the consumption products are cooled to 298 k.

iv) Ribosomes -- A sphere shaped structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of RNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis.

v) Balanced Force -- When two forces acting on an object are equal in size but act in opposite directions, we say that they are balanced forces.

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