5. During nineteenth century there were intense debates around religious issues. Justity.
6. Explain SHGs.
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5.From the early 19th century, there were intense debates around the religion issues. Printed tracts and newspapers not only spread the new ideas, but they shaped the nature of the debate also.
• Some condemned existing practices and crusaded for reforms, while others opposed the point of view of reformers. For example : publication of Sambad Kaumudi by Rammohun Roy and the Hindu orthodoxy commissioned the Samachar Chandrikato that resisted his views.
• To attain a bigger audience, the ideas were printed in the everyday spoken language of commonplace people. Among Hindus, print encouraged the reading of religious texts, especially in the vernacular languages, like the first printed edition of Ramcharitmanas, from Calcutta in 1810.
• The Deoband Seminary, published thousands of fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves, and elucidating the meaning of Islamic policies.
• From the 1880s, the Naval Kishore Press at Lucknow and the Shri Venkateshwar Press in Bombay published several holy texts in vernacular languages as these gained popularity.
6.A self-help group (SHG) is a financial intermediary committee usually composed of 25 to 40 local women or men. Most self-help groups are located in India, though SHGs can be found in other countries, especially in South Asia and Southeast Asia
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