5. Explain briefly that how can we use organic waste to generate energy?
Answers
Answer:
It is done by combusting organic waste. The heat that is generated during the combustion process is utilized to turn water into steam that is in turn used to power turbine to generate electricity. ... Gasification: it is the process of converting waste
Explanation:
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There are several methods for producing energy from waste. They are:
Incineration: this is the most common method for this process. It is done by combusting organic waste. The heat that is generated during the combustion process is utilized to turn water into steam that is in turn used to power turbine to generate electricity. The plants that incinerate waste in the OECH countries have to follow certain emission standards and must keep a check on their emission of nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide, dioxins and heavy metals. The new plants reduce the excess volume of waste by about 96 percent. This, however, depends on the composition of the waste. There are some disadvantages of these plants as waste recovery from this leads to the emission of fine particulate matter, acid gases, dioxins etc. these need to be handled with care and should be disposed off carefully. The by-product of the process, that is not fit for use, must also be disposed off with caution.
Gasification: it is the process of converting waste material in the presence of oxygen. It is a thermochemical process and results in a creation of a mixture of combustible gases. The steam or even the oxygen in the environment is made to react with the carbon in the waste to give rise to gases like carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen. This is then used to create electricity. The fuel created by the gasification process can be transported and collected easily.
Pyrolysis: this is different from gasification as it takes place in the absence of oxygen. However, the product of this process is a mixture of combustible char or bio oil. It is using heat to break the waste to make energy without using oxygen. Coal, cardboard, paper, human waste, plastic, rubber and the like can be used for this process. This process is a recent development, as far as its application to this field is concerned. The most common product of this process is char that hold on to the carbon content of biomass and hence becomes extremely suitable for soil productivity enhancement.
Anaerobic Digestion: this process can either take place naturally or in a digester, which is a warmed airtight and airless container, which promotes bacteria to ferment waste like slurries and animal byproducts to create biogas. It is the process that creates biogas when the waste material is left undisturbed in the landfills. The main problem with using this method is that it uses liquid waste as well. Most processes mentioned above have not taken into account liquid waste. Since the production of biogas is dependent on the size of the digester or landfill, it is limited and hence is used in small-scale tasks.
Fermentation: The process that uses yeast and other natural microorganisms to produce ethanol is known as fermentation. It involves a series of chemical reactions like hydrolysis, distillation etc.
With increasing population and consumerism, management of waste has become an important aspect of sustainable development. Thus, converting waste into energy is a boon that can not only increase the standard of living but also help retain the environmental balance that is extremely crucial. Here’s how we can conserve energy.