5. Find expression of time period of a simple pendulum with dimensional analysis, given that time period
of simple pendulum depends on length of pendulum land gravitational acceleration g.?
Answers
Answer:
Broadly beggars in India can be grouped into eight categories:
1. Juvenile beggars
2. Physically and mentally handicapped;
3. Diseased;
4. Religious mendicants;
5. Able bodied;
6. Aged and infirm;
7. Casual beggars who resort to begging only as a stop gap arrangement till they are
able to secure some casual employment or part time work again;
8. Professional/hereditary beggars: Certain communities consider begging as their
profession and indulge in begging as a traditional or customary activity. This type
of beggary is prevalent amongst the members of certain caste or tribal groups who
lead a nomadic way of existence and earn their living by entertaining people
through singing, dancing or performing acrobatic feats.Begging today is both a symptom and a result of complex socio-economic
disorganisation and breakdown of the joint family system. Factors, such as, poverty,
destitution, desertion, unemployment, underemployment, famine, drought, displacement
and disasters whether man made or natural, leading to migration, homelessness, etc., are
pushing people into begging.
Economic Causes: Beggary is related to economic condition in two ways. First,
beggary might be the consequence of adverse economic condition or distress. Second,
under certain situations beggary might be motivated by economic gain, this is particularly
relevant in case of organized or exploitative beggary. Causal factor such as unemployment
or under-employment, landlessness, poverty, calamity, drought or famines and various
other conditions of destitution are all variants of economic causes.
Religious Causes: Religious mendicancy is not only tolerated by a large section of
Hindus, Muslims and Christian population, but even supported on religious grounds. A
sort of religious sanctity is attached to alms giving.
Social Causes: Social disorders like anomie, cultural conflict, industrialization,
community disorganization, faulty socialization, break-down of joint family institution onaccount of large scale migration, weakening of the traditional family structure and the
emergence of individualistic considerations seems to have changed the situation
considerably forcing the persons in crises situations to a life of beggary, such as, the
orphans, infirm and aged, lepers, lunatics, widows and other socially, physically and
mentally handicapped categories. Social customs in certain communities consider
begging as their hereditary profession. Among these may be included: Nats, Bajigars,
Sains, Jugglers, Bhats and Kanjars. They do not attach any social stigma to this profession
and take to it from their very childhood.
Natural Calamities: The natural calamities such as earthquakes, flood, tsunami,
hurricane and drought compel people to leave homes, leaving everything behind them
and under circumstances of immediate need, the persons who are unable to find work feel
compelled to beg to save themselves from starvation and death (Myneni, 2009). It is,
therefore, important to protect the rights of one of the most vulnerable population who get
criminalized under the state beggary prevention laws.It is therefore evident that most of the children are initiated into begging in their
childhood itself. Initiation into begging at higher age is lesser.
It is also noteworthy that more girls
were initiated into begging as infants or
toddlers compared to boys, with 53.4% girls
initiated into begging at less than 5 years of
age, compared to 28.6% boys who started
that early.
A large majority of the respondents
534 (88.3%) belonged to nuclear families;
62 (10.2%) were from joint families and 9
were orphan. The study revealed that of the
605 child beggars interviewed only 52
(8.60%) belonged to Delhi, while a large
number 553 (91.04%) were migrants from
other states. Amongst the migrant
population Uttar Pradesh and Bihar form the
6.2 Family type and Native
place
Table 4: Native Place
State Number (% )
UP 225 37.19
Bihar 112 18.51
Rajasthan 62 10.25
Delhi 52 8.60
W. Bengal 41 6.78
Punjab 34 5.62
Haryana 24 3.97
MP 19 3.14
Other states 33 5.45
Don't Know 3 0.50
Total 605 100.0
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Since Birth 1-5