Question

5 functions of chromosome​

Answer 1

Functions of Chromosomes

For the first time, Sutton and Bover suggested the role of chromosomes in heredity in 1902.

1.The most important function of chromosomes is to carry the basic genetic material – DNA. DNA provides genetic information for various cellular functions. These functions are essential for growth, survival, and reproduction of the organisms.

2.Histones and other proteins cover the Chromosomes. These proteins protect it from chemical (e.g., enzymes) and physical forces. Thus, chromosomes also perform the function of protecting the genetic material (DNA) from damage during the process of cell division.

3. During cell division, spindle fibers attached to the centromeres contract and perform an important function. The contraction of centromeres of chromosomes ensures precise distribution of DNA (genetic material) to the daughter nuclei.

4 .Chromosomes contain histone and non-histone proteins. these proteins regulate gene action. Cellular molecules that regulate genes work by activating or deactivating these proteins. This activation and deactivation expand or contract the chromosome.

Answer 2

Answer:

• DNA present on the chromosome carries most of the genetic information
• It also controls the hereditary transfer.
• Chromosomes are essential for the process of cell division, and creation of daughter cells.
• They also play an important role in cell replication.
• They are often called as 'packaging material' because it tightly holds tha DNA and proteins together in the eukaryotic cells.

More about the structure of Chromosomes:

In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.

Each chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections, or “arms.” The short arm of the chromosome is labeled the “p arm.” The long arm of the chromosome is labeled the “q arm.” The location of the centromere on each chromosome gives the chromosome its characteristic shape, and can be used to help describe the location of specific genes.

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