5. How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?
6. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?
7. What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its by-
products?
8. What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some
organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration.
9. How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?
10. What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?
11. Describe double circulation of blood in human beings. Why is it necessary?
12. What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?
13. Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with
respect to their structure and functioning.
Answers
Answer
hi friend hope this helps
Explanation:
1-FATS ARE DIGESTED BY BILE JUICES AND THIS PROCESS TAKES PLACE IN THE PANCREAS. BILE JUICE DISSOLVES THE FAT GLOBULES INTO SMALL SOLUBLE PARTICLES
2-Saliva serves many purposes. It contains enzymes that aid in digestion. Saliva makes it easier to talk, a fact recognized by those who experience stage fright and the associated dry mouth while giving a presentation. But saliva also helps prevent tooth decay by washing away food and debris from the teeth and gums.
3-Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll pigment, and sunlight are the necessary conditions required for autotrophic nutrition. Carbohydrates (food) and O2 are the by-products of photosynthesis
4-presence or absence of oxygen
The primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is the presence or absence of oxygen during the processes. More detailed differences are between the two are as follows: Oxygen is present when this form of respiration takes place. Oxygen is absent when this form of respiration takes place
5-the carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses through the alveoli and is expelled by exhalation. The alveoli are thin-walled and richly supplied with a network of blood vessels to facilitate the exchange of gases between blood and the air-filled in alveoli. They have a balloon-like structure that provides maximum surface area for exchange of gases
6-Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment that transports oxygen to the body cells for cellular respiration. Therefore, deficiency of haemoglobin in blood can affect the oxygen supplying capacity of blood which leads to deficiency of oxygen in the body cells. It can also lead to a disease called anaemia
7-The main difference between xylem and phloem is that xylem is involved in the transportation of water and minerals from roots to the apical parts of the plant whereas phloem is involved in the transportation of food and mineral from leaves to the growing and storing parts of the plant
8- Alveoli and lungs act as the structural and functional units of lungs and kidneys respectively. Alveoli occur in the respiratory system while the nephrons occur in the excretory system.
hope this helps please mark as brianliest ......... :):):)
Answer:5.Fats are present in the form of large globules in the small intestine. The small intestine receives the secretions from the liver and the pancreas. The bile salts (from the liver) break down the large fat globules into smaller globules so that the pancreatic enzyme lipase can easily act on them. This is referred to as emulsification of fats. This process takes place in the small intestine.
6.The digestive functions of saliva include moistening food, and helping to create a food bolus, so it can be swallowed easily.Thus, digestion of food occurs within the mouth, even before food reaches the stomach
7. Autotrophic nutrition takes place through the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll pigment, and sunlight are the necessary conditions required for autotrophic nutrition. Carbohydrates (food) and O2 are the by-products of photosynthesis.
8.Aerobic Respiration:
- Oxygen is present when this form of respiration takes place.
- It involves the exchange of gases between the organism and the outside environment.
- It can be found in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria
- Glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.
- All higher organisms such as mammals have this type of respiration.
Anaerobic Respiration:
- Oxygen is absent when this form of respiration takes place.
- Exchange of gases is absent.
- It can be found only in the cytoplasm.
- Glucose breaks down into ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, and energy
- Lower organisms such as bacteria and yeast use this type
Anaerobic respiration takes place in some worms, water logged plants, yeast and some bacteria.
9. The alveoli are thin-walled and richly supplied with a network of blood vessels to facilitate the exchange of gases between blood and the air-filled in alveoli. They have a balloon-like structure that provides maximum surface area for exchange of gases.
10. Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment that transports oxygen to the body cells for cellular respiration. Therefore, deficiency of haemoglobin in blood can affect the oxygen supplying capacity of blood. This can lead to deficiency of oxygen in the body cells. It can also lead to a disease called anaemia.
11.In human beings, the blood goes through the heart twice during each cycle i.e. the blood passes through the human heart two times to supply once to the whole body. So, it is called Double Circulation of blood.
The double circulation of blood includes:
(i) Systematic Circulation
(ii) Pulmonary Circulation
12.Transport of materials in xylem:
- Xylem tissue helps in the transport of water and minerals.
- Water is transported upwards from roots to aerial parts of plants
- Transport in xylem requires physical forces such as transpiration pull.
Transport of materials in phloem:
- Phloem tissue helps in the transport of food.
- Phloem tissue helps in the transport of food.
- Food is transported in both upward and downward directions.
Transport of food in phloem requires energy in the form of ATP.
13. Alveoli:
- Alveoli are the tiny air sacs present in lungs that allows rapid exchange of gases.
- Present in lungs
- There are located in the respiratory system
- There are around 480 million alveoli found in each lung
- These are sac-like structures
- Pulmonary arterioles supply blood
- Blood is supplied to pulmonary veins
- Facilitates gaseous exchange in lungs
- Made up of simple squamous epithelium
Nephrons:
- Nephrons comprise glomerulus and tubules through which glomerular filtrate passes.
- Present in kidneys
- These are located in the excretory system
- These are located in the excretory system
- These are tubular structures
- Afferent arterioles supply blood
- Blood is supplied to renal veins
- Facilitates blood filtration to produce urine
- Made up of simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli