Question

5.
How would you name the following compounds?
10 сн, сH-Br
н-со
Н Н Н Н
н-с-с-с-с-сен
Н Н Н Н​

Answer 1

Steps for organic nomenclature

Step 1: Step 1: Detecting and Naming the Parent Chain

The parent chain on an organic compound is the longest carbon chain and the chain containing the highest number of substituents highest number of substituents or functional groups. To detect the longest chain, one needs to just count the number of carbons. Also, making sure that the chosen chain has the greatest number of substituents and functional groups. The basis for the names of the longest chain is shown above in figure 2. The longest chain in the example above wold be a six carbon chain.

Step 2: Finding the substituents

The are three main types of substituents: alkane substituents, common hydrocarbon substituents and halogen substituents. Figure 3 above summarizes the alkane substituents. As you can see above, the substituents also use the prefix like all other functional groups except they end with the suffix -yl instead of -an. Figure 4 gives the halogen substituents and their corresponding name. Using our example in figure 2, the two substituents were ethyl and methyl.

Step 3: Step 3: Identifying the Functional Group

There are 18 main functional groups. Figure 5 gives the list of functional groups in order of decreasing priority. The longest chain will always be the chain with the functional group with the highest priority and the most substituents. The functional group in our example was an alkane

Step 4: Step 4: Naming the Functional Group

Depending on the prioritized functional group present, the name or the suffix of the organic compound will be different. Here is a list of functional groups and their suffixes.

Step 5: Step 5: Numbering Your Substituents on the Same Carbon

When naming your compound, sometimes you might find two of the same substituent or two different substituents on the same carbon. In this case, locate the position of the substituent in your name by the number of that carbon twice. an example is shown in the figure above. if you have two of the same substituent, use di as a prefix. If you have three, use tri, if you have four, tetra, and so on. Also, always name your substituent in alphabetical order. The name of the compound above (example from figure 2) is 4-ethyl-2-methylhexane.

Step 6: Step 6: Completing Your Name

There should be no space between letters in your names. Words should be separated from letters using hyphens.

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