5. Look at the picture and answer the given questions -
The gland shown in the picture is a small butterfly-shaped gland
found at the base of the neck, This gland makes a hormone that
travels in blood to all parts of our body and regulates carbohydrate,
protein and fat metabolism in the body so as to provide the best balance for
growth.This hormone also controls body's metabolism in many ways
a) Which gland is referred to in the given picture? What type of a gland is this?
b) What does this gland secrete?
c) Name the disease caused due to the deficiency of the hormone secreted by th
Answers
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a) Thyroid gland; endocrine gland
b) Thyroxine
c) Goitre
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(a) Which gland is referred to in the given picture? What type of a gland is
- The gland which is being described is the thyroid gland.
- It is a type of endocrine gland as it is devoid of ducts and secrets its content directly into the bloodstream.
(b)What does this gland secrete?
- The thyroid gland secretes 3 hormones, namely - Triiodothyronine(T₃), Thyroxine(T₄), and calcitonin.
- T₃ and T₄ are secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.
- The thyroid hormones (T₃ and T₄) are responsible for regulating protein synthesis, metabolic rate, and Growth and development in children.
- Calcitonin is secreted by the C-cells of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin helps in regulating the calcium levels in the blood.
(c) Name the disease caused due to the deficiency of the hormone secreted by the thyroid gland.
- Low levels of T₃ and T₄ hormones cause a disease known as hypothyroidism.
- The most common cause of hypothyroidism is deficiency of Iodine.
- Low levels of calcitonin cause osteopenia.
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