Question

5. Mention the chemical change that proinsulin undergoes, to be able to act as mature insulin.

Answer 1

The proinsulin contains polypeptides chain A, chain B, which are linked together by disulphide bridges, and another polypeptide called C peptide. The C peptide is removed during maturation, which converts proinsulin into mature insulin.

Answer 2

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ʀᴇᴍᴏᴠᴀʟ ᴏғ ᴄ-ᴘᴇᴘᴛɪᴅᴇ (ғʀᴏᴍ ᴘʀᴏ-ɪɴsᴜʟɪɴ).

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ɪɴsᴜʟɪɴ ɪs sʏɴᴛʜᴇsɪᴢᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴀ ᴘʀᴏ-ʜᴏʀᴍᴏɴᴇ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɴᴇᴇᴅs ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇssᴇᴅ ʙᴇғᴏʀᴇ ɪᴛ ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇs ᴀ ғᴜʟʟʏ ᴍᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ʜᴏʀᴍᴏɴᴇ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴏ-ʜᴏʀᴍᴏɴᴇ ɪs ᴀ sɪɴɢʟᴇ ᴘᴏʟʏᴘᴇᴘᴛɪᴅᴇ ᴄʜᴀɪɴ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀɴ ᴇxᴛʀᴀ sᴛʀᴇᴛᴄʜ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄ-ᴘᴇᴘᴛɪᴅᴇ. ᴛʜɪs ɪs ʀᴇᴍᴏᴠᴇᴅ ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴍᴀᴛᴜʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.